The culture of consuming food away from home (FAFH) is part of a daily habit for almost all age groups and social classes including school-age children and adolescents. The benefit of consuming FAFH including food diversification from an early age to increase the nutrition quality of food consumed. The negative aspects are obtained when it’s consumed excessively that could cause excessive energy intake. Frequent consumption of FAFH is associated with a low intake of fruits and vegetables and also a low intake of micronutrients. FAFH contained high fat and saturated fat, less calcium, fiber, and iron compared with home-prepared foods. The study aimed to determine the nutrients contribution (energy, carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) of FAFH compared to the total daily energy intake. The study using secondary data analysis of the individual Food Consumption Survey 2014. The definition of FAFH is all foods and beverages produce outside the house but consumed by households, foods, and beverages that produce and consume at school/workplace and places like eatery places and vendors, etc.). The results of the study showed 86.529 respondent was consuming FAFH with the highest distribution of 53.9 percent in the urban area, 51.5 percent female, 44.3 percent in the 26-50 years age group and 24.3 percent at the top level of the economy. The contribution of nutrients from FAFH to total daily energy intake is 34.4 percent (606.9 kcal), protein 4.7 percent (20.7 g), fat 11.6 percent (23.2 g) and carbohydrates 18.6 percent (81.1 g). The ingredient of FAFH that mostly consumed are Cerealia and processed and the tubers and processed food groups.ABSTRAKBudaya jajan menjadi bagian dari keseharian pada hampir semua kelompok usia dan kelas sosial, termasuk anak usia sekolah dan golongan remaja. Makanan jajanan bermanfaat terhadap penganekaragaman makanan sejak kecil dalam rangka peningkatan mutu gizi makanan yang dikonsumsi. Aspek negatif makanan jajanan yaitu apabila dikonsumsi berlebihan dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kelebihan asupan energi. Seringnya mengkonsumsi makanan diluar rumah berkaitan dengan rendahnya asupan buah dan sayuran dan rendahnya asupan mikronutrien Kontribusi dari makanan jajanan tinggi akan lemak dan lemak jenuh serta kurang akan kalsium, serat, dan zat besi dibandingkan dengan makanan dari rumah. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui kontribusi zat gizi (energi, karbohidrat, lemak dan protein) makanan jajanan terhadap total energi. Analisis lanjut data Survey Konsumsi Makanan Individu 2014. Definisi makanan jajanan adalah makanan dan minuman yang diolah di luar rumah tetapi dikonsumsi di rumah tangga, makanan dan minuman yang diolah dan dikonsumsi di sekolah/tempat kerja serta makanan dan minuman yang diolah dan dikonsumsi selain tempat yang diatas (rumah makan, pedagang kaki lima, dll). Jumlah responden yang mengonsumsi makanan jajanan sebanyak 86.529 dengan sebaran tertinggi 53,9 persen diperkotaan, 51,5 persen pada perempuan, 44,3 persen pada kelompok umur 26-58 tahun dan 24,3 persen pada tingkat ekonomi teratas. Kontribusi makanan jajanan terhadap total asupan energi sehari sebesar 34,4 persen. (606,9 kkal), protein 4,7 persen (20,7 gr), lemak 11,6 persen (23,2 gr) dan karbohidrat 18,6 persen (81,1 gr). Kelompok bahan makanan jajanan yang sering dikonsumsi adalah serealia dan olahan serta kelompok umbi-umbian dan olahan. [Penel Gizi Makan 2020, 43(1):29-40]
ABSTRACT The problem of stunting in children under five (0-59 months) is still a public health problem, especially in developing countries. This study aims to measure the prevalence of stunting and determine its sociodemography risk factors in Indonesia. This study was a nationwide survey in 514 districts consisting of 32,000 census blocks (320,000 households). The study design was cross-sectional. The population of this study was all families of children under five in all districts in Indonesia. The sample was households with children under five which were visited by Susenas (National Sociodemographic Survey) in March 2019. The data collected were the length/height of children under-five of age, gender, age (months), region (rural and urban), all provinces which were divided into 7 regions. (Java-Bali, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, Papua), and diarrhea. The results showed that the prevalence of stunting in children under five (0-59 months) was 27.6 percent. Multivariate regression analysis showed that children 12 month old and older, living in rural areas (AOR=1,444; 95% CI: 1,442-1,447), in the Nusa Tenggara region (AOR=1,874; 95% CI: 1,866-1,882), and suffering from diarrhea (AOR=1,409; 95%CI: 1,401-1,417) were more at risk of becoming stunted. ABSTRAK Masalah stunting pada balita (0-59 bulan) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat terutama di negara berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi stunting dan faktor risiko stunting menurut sosiodemografi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan survei nasional di 514 kabupaten/kota yang terdiri dari 32.000 blok sensus (320.000 rumah tangga). Desain penelitian adalah cross-sectional. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah semua keluarga balita yang ada di seluruh kabupaten/ kota di Indonesia. Sampel adalah rumah tangga yang memiliki balita yang dikunjungi oleh Susenas Maret 2019. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah panjang/tinggi badan balita, jenis kelamin, umur (bulan), wilayah (perdesaan dan perkotaan), provinsi yang dibagi dalam 7 wilayah (Jawa bali, Sumatera, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, Papua), dan penyakit diare pada balita. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi stunting pada balita (0-59 bulan) sebesar 27,6 persen. Analisis regresi multivariate menunjukkan bahwa balita yang berumur lebih dari 11 bulan, tinggal di perdesaan (AOR=1,444; 95% CI: 1,442-1,447), wilayah Nusa Tenggara (AOR=1,874; 95% CI: 1,866-1,882) dan yang menderita diare (AOR=1,409; 95%CI: 1,401-1,417) lebih berisiko untuk menjadi stunting. [Penel Gizi Makan 2021, 44(1):71-78]
ABSTRACT The implementation of government policies in stunting prevention has been carried out from the central level to the village level. The Ministry of Home Affairs annually establishes stunting locus villages in 34 provinces. At the stunting locus village, sensitive and specific interventions were carried out. Many factors influence the prevalence of stunting. This study aims to determine the determinants of stunting in locus and non-locus villages in 13 stunting locus districts in Indonesia. This study was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted in 13 districts of stunting locus. Each district was chosen one sub-district which was then selected one locus of stunting village and one village of non locus. In each village 90 children were selected. Data analysis was carried out univariate, bivariate, and multivariate with logistic regression test to see the relationship between independent and dependent variables after being controlled by several variables. The results showed that 20 percent lower chance of stunting in locus villages than non locus villages. Toddlers who are breastfed for more than 24 months have a 1.7 times risk of becoming stunted. Toddlers who do not do early initiation of breastfeeding have a 1.5 times risk of becoming stunted compared to toddlers who do early initiation of breastfeeding. High maternal education can prevent stunting 2 times compared to mothers with low education. The selection of stunting locus villages affects the prevalence of stunting. In addition, several determinant factors influence the incidence of stunting, namely the sex of the child, the duration of breastfeeding more than 24 months, the child's age, early initiation of breastfeeding, growth monitoring, the mother's age and the mother's education. ABSTRAK Implementasi kebijakan pemerintah dalam pencegahan stunting telah dilaksanakan mulai dari tingkat pusat sampai tingkat desa. Kementerian Dalam Negeri setiap tahun menetapkan desa lokus stunting di 34 provinsi. Pada desa lokus stunting dilakukan intervensi sensitif dan spesifik. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi prevalensi stunting. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor determinan kejadian stunting pada desa lokus dan non lokus di 13 kabupaten lokus stunting di Indonesia. Studi ini merupakan studi kuantitatif dengan desain potong lintang. Penelitian dilakukan di 13 Kabupaten lokus stunting, setiap kabupaten dipilih satu kecamatan yang kemudian dipilih satu desa lokus stunting dan satu desa non lokus. Pada setiap desa dipilih 90 balita. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat, dan multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik untuk melihat hubungan variabel bebas dan terikat setelah dikontrol oleh beberapa variabel. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa peluang terjadinya stunting 20 persen lebih rendah di desa lokus dibanding desa non lokus. Balita yang mendapatkan ASI lebih dari 24 bulan berisiko 1,7 kali menjadi stunting. Balita yang tidak melakukan inisiasi menyusui dini (IMD) berisiko 1,5 kali menjadi stunting dibandingkan dengan balita yang melakukan IMD. Pendidikan ibu yang tinggi dapat mencegah kejadian stunting 2 kali dibandingkan ibu berpendidikan rendah. Pemilihan desa lokus stunting memengaruhi kejadian stunting. Selain itu, terdapat beberapa faktor determinan yang memengaruhi kejadian stunting yaitu jenis kelamin anak, durasi menyusui ASi lebih dari 24 bulan, usia anak, IMD, pemantauan pertumbuhuan, umur ibu dan pendidikan ibu. [Penel Gizi Makan 2021, 44(2):79-92]
Background: Diabetic is associated with the risk of having lipid peroxidation causing macro and micro vascular diseases. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a mutagen product of lipid peroxidation.Objective: This research was to identify some factors associated to plasma MDA (P-MDA) level in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Method: Eighty two subjects were randomly recruited. Subjets were members of Persadia, physical training club for diabetic at Mardjoeki Mahdi Hospital in Bogor. Data of fruits, vegetables, and nuts-legumes-seeds consumption were collected by interviewing using semi quantitative food frequency questionnaires. Fasting blood glucose and plasma MDA were assayed using Wills method, based on the reaction of thiobarbituric acid. Other data such as physical training, smoking status, and diseases history were collected by interviewing using structured questionnaires. Nutritional status data was determined as body mass index. All data was analyzed using Odds Ratio (OR) and logistic regression test to identify the dominant factors contributed to P-MDA level.Results: Factors that contribute to P-MDA level is vegetables, nuts-legumes-seeds consumption and physical training. Consuming vegetables less than 300 g/d and nuts-legumes-seeds less than 2.5 servings/d are associated significantly with having high level of P-MDA (≥0.8 nmol/L), respectively OR=5 (95%CI:1.154-22.02) and OR=4.8 (95%CI:1.26-18.57). Not having physical activity routinely is risk for having high level P-MDA (OR=1.3; 95%CI:1.12-1.45). Those factors are associated to P-MDA level independently.Conclusion: Vegetables and nuts-legumes-seeds consumption have a significant contribution to P-MDA level, it is important to know further which type and chemical content in those food that can prevent lipid peroxidation.
The problem of obesity in Indonesia has been on an upward trend in the last three decades. This study aims to determine the relationship of physical activity with obese in adults in Indonesia. This study used Riskesdas 2013 data. The study design was cross-sectional. Sample were adults aged 20 years and above in Indonesia. A number of samples analyzed were 553 546. Result of the analysis showed that the prevalence of obese was found to be 31.2 percent, while physical inactivity was 64.4 percent. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that a relationship of physical activity with obese in adults. Subjects with physical inactivity had risk of obesity by 1.54 times compared to subjects whose physical activity was sufficient after being adjusted by gender and age. Conclusion: This study showed that relationship between physical inactivity and an increase obese on adults. Recommendation: It is necessary to prevent and control obese by doing sufficient physical activity in the workplace, as well as in the household every day on an ongoing basis. In addition, support is needed from the government related to the provision of playgrounds, safe city parks for the implementation of physical activity for the community.
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