Asthma, bronchial hyperreactivity and mediator release in children with birch pollinosis. ECP and EPX levels are not related to bronchial hyperreactivity

Ferdousi, Hosne Ara; Dreborg, Sten

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2222.1997.370873.x

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Rhinitis frequently precedes the onset of asthma, and patients who also have bronchial hyper responsiveness are more likely to develop asthma (241)(242)(243)(244). Up to 50% of patients with hay fever show bronchial hyper responsiveness during the season (245,246). Previous studies indicate a potential preventive effect of SIT as regards bronchial hyperresponsiveness in children with asthma and allergy to cat (247,248) and HDM (240,249) and the development of asthma in patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (250,251).…”

Section: Specific Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of allergic disease in childhood: clinical and epidemiological aspects of primary and secondary allergy prevention

Halken

2004

Pediatric Allergy Immunology

196

159

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The development and phenotypic expression of atopic diseases depends on a complex interaction between genetic factors, environmental exposure to allergens,and non-specific adjuvant factors, such as tobacco smoke, air pollution and infections. Preventive measures may include both exposure to allergens and adjuvant risk/protective factors and pharmacological treatment. These measures may address the general population, children at risk for development of atopic disease (high-risk infants), children with early symptoms of allergic disease or children with chronic disease. The objective for this review was to evaluate possible preventive measures as regards prevention of development of allergic disease in childhood--primary prevention--and also some aspects of the effect of specific allergy treatment as regards secondary prevention in children with allergic asthma and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. In one prospective observational study of a birth cohort of unselected infants we evaluated possible predictive/risk factors. In two prospective intervention studies including 1 yr birth cohorts of high-risk(HR) infants we investigated the effect of feeding HR infants exclusively breast milk (BM) and/or hydrolyzed cow's milk-based formula the first 4-6 months as regards: (i) the allergy preventive effect of BM/extensively hydrolysed formula (eHF) compared with ordinary cow's milk-based formula, (ii) the effect of two different eHFs, a whey (Profylac) and a casein-based (Nutramigen) formula, as regards development of cow's milk protein allergy (CMA), and (iii) a comparison of the preventive effect of eHF (Profylac/Nutramigen) with a partially hydrolyzed cow's milk-based formula (pHF) (NanHA) as regards development of CMA. None of the mothers had a restricted diet during pregnancy or lactation period. In two prospective randomized intervention studies we evaluated the preventive effect of specific allergen avoidance and specific immunotherapy (SIT) in children with allergic asthma and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, respectively. The combination of atopic heredity and elevated cord blood IgE resulted in the best predictive discrimination as regards development of allergic disease. The optimal high-risk group was defined by either double parental atopic predisposition or single atopic predisposition, the latter combined with a cord blood IgE > or = 0.3 kU/1. 66% of unselected infants were daily exposed to tobacco smoke, which was a significant risk factor for recurrent wheezing until the age of 1.5 yr. HR infants were breastfed for a longer period and less exposed to tobacco smoke than unselected infants. Exclusively BM/eHF for at least 4 months was associated with a significantly reduced cumulative prevalence of CMA [3.6% (5/141) vs. 20%(15/75) in the control group] up to 5 yr. The effect of the two different eHFs was similar. Exclusively breastfed infants were significantly less exposed to tobacco smoke and pets, had solid foods introduced later and belonged to higher social classes. pHF was significantly (p = 0.05) less effec...

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Section: Specific Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of allergic disease in childhood: clinical and epidemiological aspects of primary and secondary allergy prevention

Halken

2004

Pediatric Allergy Immunology

196

159

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“…Raised levels of s‐MPO have been found in asthmatic children with bacterial infections (23). In our previous study, values of s‐ECP, s‐EPX and s‐MPO, and PEF variation, differed between the birch pollen season and out of season, in birch‐ and grass pollen‐allergic children with rhinitis (24). Carlson et al.…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

Seasonal differences of peak expiratory flow rate variability and mediators of allergic inflammation in non‐atopic adolescents

Ferdousi¹,

Munir

Zetterström³

et al. 2001

Pediatric Allergy Immunology

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Variations in peak expiratory flow (PEF) and serum eosinophil mediators were studied in healthy adolescents. Twenty-five boys and 31 girls, 11-16 years of age (mean age 14.3 years), were selected and investigated during the birch pollen season of 1995; 45 were also investigated during the autumn of the same year. The PEF was measured twice daily and eosinophil mediators in serum and in urine were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) once during the birch pollen season and once in autumn. The type values of the daily PEF variation, expressed in amplitude percentage mean, were 6.4 and 3.9%, mean values were 7.35 and 6.74%, and the 95th percentiles were 18 and 14%, during the birch pollen season and autumn, respectively. The 95th percentiles were 41 and 38 microg/l for serum eosinophil cationic protein (s-ECP), 74 and 62 microg/l for serum eosinophil protein X (s-EPX), 987 and 569 microg/l for serum myeloperoxidase (s-MPO), and 165 and 104 microg/mmol for urinary eosinophil protein X/urinary creatinine (u-EPX/u-creatinine), during the birch pollen season and autumn, respectively. The levels of the eosinophil mediators decreased significantly from May (n = 56) to November (n = 45), for s-ECP from a median value of 14 microg/l to 7 microg/l (p= 0.001), for s-EPX from a median value of 28 microg/l to 20 microg/l (p= 0.001), and for the neutrophil mediator, s-MPO, from a median value of 440 g/l to 292 g/l (p< 0.001). The PEF variability decreased significantly (p= 0.037), from spring (n = 55; median 8%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.8-10.19) to autumn (n = 44; median 6%, 95% CI 6.1-8.9). A significant correlation was found between the levels of s-ECP and s-EPX (rs = 0.7, p< 0.001), between s-ECP and s-MPO (rs = 0.6, p< 0.001), between s-EPX and s-MPO (rs = 0.4, p< 0.005), and between s-EPX and u-EPX/u-creatinine (rs = 0.6, p< 0.0001), in the birch pollen season (n = 56) and in the autumn (n = 45). There was a positive correlation found in PEF variability between the two seasons (n = 43; rs = 0.5, p= 0.0006). No other correlation was found between PEF variability and any other parameters. The difference in the levels of eosinophil mediators between seasons in non-atopic, healthy children is unexplained. Normal limits for mediators were higher and PEF variability was almost the same as has been reported in adults. When using normal values, seasonal influences should be considered.

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“…Despite having been u ed for a number of years, the exact role for serum ECP measurements in a thma i still a matter of debate. A number of tudies have failed to find a correlation between P and other indices of di ease activity in a thma such a symptom cor, baseline F V I or the degree of bronchial re pon ivene [17][18][19][20]. This lack of correlation which applie to all cell specific marker of inflammation in a. thma [211 is hardly 'urprising in view of the complexity of the underlying inflammation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum eosinophil cationic protein in asthma: what does it mean?

Kips

Pauwels

1998

Clin Experimental Allergy

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Asthma, bronchial hyperreactivity and mediator release in children with birch pollinosis. ECP and EPX levels are not related to bronchial hyperreactivity

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Prevention of allergic disease in childhood: clinical and epidemiological aspects of primary and secondary allergy prevention

Prevention of allergic disease in childhood: clinical and epidemiological aspects of primary and secondary allergy prevention

Seasonal differences of peak expiratory flow rate variability and mediators of allergic inflammation in non‐atopic adolescents

Serum eosinophil cationic protein in asthma: what does it mean?

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