Associations of obstructive sleep apnea with truncal skeletal muscle mass and density

Abstract

Sarcopenia has been associated with several conditions relevant to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), such as aging and obesity, but a direct relationship between OSA and skeletal muscle alterations has not been identified. This study investigated associations between computed tomography (CT)-measured skeletal muscle indices and OSA severity. Analyzed were 334 patients who underwent polysomnography to diagnose OSA. Lumbar skeletal muscles were assessed with CT for the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI, cross-sectional area, normalized for height squared) and skeletal muscle density (SMD, fat infiltration). The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) correlated positively with the SMI and negatively with SMD in both men and women. The AHI was weakly associated with SMI only in men (β = 0.11, P = 0.017) after adjustment for the body mass index (BMI) (BMI: β = 0.61, P < 0.001 in men, β = 0.65, P < 0.001 in women). The association of AHI and SMD was not significant after adjustment for BMI (BMI: β = −0.42, P < 0.001 in men, β = −0.64, P < 0.001 in women). Severity of OSA correlated with increases in skeletal muscle mass rather than muscle depletion and skeletal muscle adiposity. These associations were limited compared with the stronger associations between obesity and skeletal muscles.

Circadian rhythm disruption is associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia: a nationwide population-based study in Korea

“…There are a number of known causes of sarcopenia, including aging, disuse, malnutrition, and chronic inflammatory diseases, such as osteoporosis. Several recent studies have indicated that decreased sleep quality and long or short sleep duration may also play roles in the development of sarcopenia 18–20 .…”

Association of the serum irisin level with obstructive sleep apnea: a body mass index- and physical activity-matched study

“…This contradiction indicates the underlying mechanisms of the pathogenesis of OSA are incredibly complex. Recently, skeletal muscle anatomy and function have received attention [8] because muscles control the opening of the respiratory tract, especially the upper airway. Additionally, skeletal muscle is an endocrine organ secreting hormones termed myokines [9].…”

Assessing skeletal muscle radiodensity by computed tomography: An integrative review of the applied methodologies

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“…Current studies relate several health problems to low SM radiodensity, both in healthy individuals as in different sorts of diseases, triggering, for example, impairment in functional capacity and glycemic control, lower survival, worse surgical outcomes and cancer treatment toxicities (Akahori et al , 2015; Aubrey et al , 2014; Chu et al , 2017; Daly et al , 2017; Hicks et al , 2005b; Komiya et al , 2006; Locke et al , 2017; Martin et al , 2013; Matsumoto et al , 2018; Mayer et al , 1989; Okumura et al , 2017a; Rier et al , 2017; Rollins et al , 2016; Sebro, 2017; Silva de Paula, de Aguiar Bruno, Azevedo Aredes, & Villaça Chaves, 2018; Van Rijssen et al , 2017).…”