Association of the salivary triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells/its ligand peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 axis with oral inflammation in kidney disease

Abstract

sTREM-1 and PGLYRP1 are elevated in CKD patients with poor oral health and positively correlate with the number of active periodontal pockets, following oral infection therapy. Moreover, they positively correlate with MMP-8 and IL-1β. Hence, salivary TREM-1- PGLYRP1 axis could be useful as diagnostic marker for oral infection within CKD patients.

A point‐of‐care test of active matrix metalloproteinase‐8 predicts triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells‐1 (TREM‐1) levels in saliva

“…Briefly, aMMP-8 PoC test result was read in 5 to 7 minutes as a color change resulting from immunoreactions after placing a maximum of four drops of mouthrinse in the lateral flow immunoassay system by a trained assistant. Saliva samples were further analyzed for the presence and the levels of aMMP-8 (IFMA), TREM-1, and PGLYRP1 as described earlier by Nylund et al (2018). 29,30,46 An independent consulting company has defined and validated the cut-off point (20 ng/mL) of the aMMP-8 lateral flow PoC test before it was made available commercially.…”

“…9 In addition to the membrane-bound form of TREM-1, there also exists a soluble form of TREM-1. [11][12][13][14] More recently, the neutrophil peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1) has been identified as a functional ligand for TREM-1 and capable of inducing TREM-1 activation. [11][12][13][14] More recently, the neutrophil peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1) has been identified as a functional ligand for TREM-1 and capable of inducing TREM-1 activation.…”

“…22,23 Activated matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) is already known as one of the most validated periodontitis biomarkers. 24,29,30,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] Moreover, previously there have been found a moderate positive association/correlation between MMP-8/PGLYRP1 axis and TREM-1 levels among adults, 14 but to the best of authors' knowl-edge, this association hasn't been studied among adolescent subjects before. [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] This stage can be measured using a point-of-care (PoC) lateral flow collagenase-2 (aMMP-8) immunotest.…”

“…10 Its concentration in saliva, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and serum has been shown to be risen at the presence of periodontitis, proposing it to be a potential biomarker for periodontitis in adults. [11][12][13][14] More recently, the neutrophil peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1) has been identified as a functional ligand for TREM-1 and capable of inducing TREM-1 activation. 15 PGLYRP1 is known as an antibacterial protein against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.…”

“…[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] This stage can be measured using a point-of-care (PoC) lateral flow collagenase-2 (aMMP-8) immunotest. 24,29,30,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] Moreover, previously there have been found a moderate positive association/correlation between MMP-8/PGLYRP1 axis and TREM-1 levels among adults, 14 but to the best of authors' knowl-edge, this association hasn't been studied among adolescent subjects before. A non-invasive, quick, easy to use, and inexpensive aMMP-8 PoC test, which is currently available also as a quantitative PoC aMMP-8 test, may be also a potential tool for PoC detection of salivary TREM-1 levels and as such for detection of periodontal and systemic inflammation.…”