Association of Smoking-Related Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) with Nutritional Status and Diet Quality: A Cross-Sectional Study in China

Abstract

Background. Smoking is the second leading cause of death. Limited studies are available about smoking and overall diet quality. The current study was aimed at finding an association of s-KAP (smoking-related knowledge, attitude, and practices) with nutritional status and diet quality. Methodology. The current study was a cross-sectional community-based study conducted in Jurong city, China. Validated questionnaires were used for the collection of data regarding s-KAP and dietary intake. Correlation and multivariate linear regression analysis were used for the association of s-KAP scores with diet quality scores and nutritional status. Results. The total numbers of participants were 7998 with a mean age of 59.3±11.4 years, including 38.5% males and 41.5% females. s-KAP scores were categorized into two groups, i.e., High s-KAP group and low s-KAP group. The High s-KAP group had significantly higher (P<0.05) diet scores and BMI but lower (P<0.05) WC (waist circumference) and WHR (waist to hip ratio) than the Low s-KAP group. Independent positive association (P<0.05) of s-KAP scores with diet scores was observed after the adjustment for age, gender, physical activity, alcohol consumptions, monthly income, and anthropometric measures (BMI, WC, and WHR). Similarly, smoking was positively associated (P<0.05) with diet scores after adjustment for covariates. Conclusion. In conclusion, the higher s-KAP scores indicated more knowledge regarding the harmful consequences of the smoking outcomes, positive attitude, less smoking practices, and having a good plan to quit smoking. Individuals with high s-KAP scores had good diet quality and lower adiposity measures. Furthermore, s-KAP scores and smoking status were having an independent positive association with diet scores.

Trends in Diet Quality and Related Sociodemographic, Health, and Occupational Characteristics among Workers in Spain: Results from Three Consecutive National Health Surveys (2006–2017)

“…Regarding tobacco consumption, we found that smokers had lower diet quality scores. This result is similar to those obtained in studies conducted in Luxembourg [ 78 ], China [ 79 ], United States [ 80 ], and Australia [ 16 ]. Generally, smokers often have higher intakes of energy, total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, and alcohol and lower intakes of antioxidant vitamins, fruit, and vegetables, in comparison with non-smokers [ 78 ].…”

The Status of Occupational Protection During COVID-19 Pandemic: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice of Healthcare Workers in Endoscopy Units, China

“…The KAP proposed in the last century has been applied to explaining how personal knowledge and attitudes affected practice in various fields ( 23 – 25 ). In general, knowledge is the basis of behavior formation, and only when knowledge rises to the level of belief can an individual be possible to adopt a positive attitude to change practice.…”

Association of Smoking Related to Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) with Tobacco Use in Community Health Center Working Area of Sungai Durian, Sintang Regency, West Kalimantan Province

“…Seen from the previous studies, it can be concluded that better knowledge primarily can decrease smoking behavior. A study conducted in China has figured out that the higher score of KAP (Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice) indicated knowledge about negative consequences of smoking, positive attitude, and poor smoking practice (Haq et al, 2019). The results of the statistical analysis show that knowledge was associated with smoking behavior (p < 0.05).…”

“…The alcohol consumption behavior also becomes the most common reason for adolescents to smoke (Nainggolan, Dharmayanti, & Kristanto, 2020). To live balanced, smokers need to regularly do physical exercise and consume healthy food (Haq et al, 2019). The greater self-efficacy for quitting smoking, the fewer perceived barriers to quit smoking (Kaufman, Dwyer, Land, Klein, & Park, 2018).…”