Association of enteric shedding of bovine torovirus (Breda virus) and other enteropathogens with diarrhea in veal calves

Hoet, Armando E.; Smiley, Jeffrey R.; Thomas, Christopher; Nielsen, Paul R.; Wittum, Thomas E.; Saif, Linda J.

doi:10.2460/ajvr.2003.64.485

Cited by 32 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In the Netherlands, prophylactic use of antibiotics is forbidden and a higher use of antibiotics is thus an indication for increased health problems that result in a higher mortality rate. Moreover, a higher use of antibiotics might result in antibiotic resistance in time, which can deteriorate the possibility to treat infections and thus increase mortality (Hoet et al, 2003;Bos et al, 2012). Furthermore, we also observed that calves originating from herds with a higher health status for endemic diseases (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…To enable the implementation of risk mitigating measures for veal calf mortality, more information was needed on risk factors associated with veal calf mortality. Although it is well known that diarrhoea and respiratory infections are the main causes of mortality among veal calves (Pardon et al, 2012;Hoet et al, 2003;Webster, 1990), the risk factors associated with occurrence of these disorders are ambiguous. Various studies describe pathogens as the cause of these problems such as Rotavirus, Coronavirus, BVDV and Cryptosporidium (Hoet et al, 2003;Bendali et al, 1999), but lack to describe management factors on which the farmer can intervene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using routinely collected data to evaluate risk factors for mortality of veal calves

Santman-Berends

Bont-Smolenaars

Roos

et al. 2018

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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From 2009 to 2012 a gradual increase in on-farm mortality of Dutch veal calves was observed. In 2012, the cattle industry decided that more information was needed on risk factors for mortality in both veal herds and herds of origin to enable implementation of risk mitigating measures. Routinely collected data were available from seven different data sources and contained information from 2.4 million white veal calves that were fattened in the period between 1 January 2011 and 30 June 2014. Survival analysis techniques (Kaplan-Meier), multilevel Poisson and multilevel Logistic regression models were applied to analyse the data. Two different models were assembled in which risk factors for veal calf mortality in respectively veal herds and herds of origin were identified. Univariable and multivariable regression techniques were used to detect risk factors significantly associated with mortality of veal calves during the fattening period. During the study period, the mean mortality was 4.9% per production cycle. The probability to die was highest during the first weeks after arrival in the veal herds and declined thereafter. Important risk factors included a veal herds with a higher use of antimicrobials, hair colour as proxy for breed, certain countries of origin, veal herd management with a limited amount of supplied feed and a not having an all-in / all-out system. A higher body weight at arrival in the veal herd was associated with lower mortality as well as veal calves that were fed an above median amount of milk, roughage and concentrates. From the calves that were fattened during the study period, observations of 1.1 million calves originated from the Netherlands and were available to study risk factors for veal calf mortality associated with the herd of origin. Important risk factors included purchase, herds with high mortality rates in the quarter in which the calf was born, fast growth in herd size, high cattle replacement rates and a higher antibiotic use in the quarter of birth. Calves that originated from herds that were certified BVD-free, Salmonella-unsuspected or Paratuberculosis-unsuspected, had a lower odds to die during the subsequent fattening period in a veal herd. Veal calf mortality was influenced by risk factors at the herd of origin as well as at veal herds. Adequate collaboration between the different industries is necessary to optimize veal calf management leading to a reduction in veal calf mortality during the fattening period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using routinely collected data to evaluate risk factors for mortality of veal calves

Santman-Berends

Bont-Smolenaars

Roos

et al. 2018

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…BoTV-positive rate in diarrheic specimens was higher in calves less than 2 weeks of age than in age-matched normal specimens. Detection of BoTV in young calves has also been reported, and BoTV has been suggested to be one of etiological agents causing diarrhea [4,9,10,14,16,20,33,34]. Hoet et al [9] reported that BoTV was detected in fecal samples from cattle with diarrhea, principally in young calves less than 3 weeks of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Bovine Torovirus in Fecal Specimens of Calves with Diarrhea in Japan

Kirisawa

Takeyama

Koiwa

et al. 2007

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bovine torovirus (BoTV) in bovine fecal samples and to determine whether a relationship exists between BoTV and diarrhea in Japan. Ninety-nine diarrheic and 114 normal fecal samples from calves in Hokkaido Prefecture and 38 diarrheic fecal samples from calves in 10 other prefectures were examined by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR with primers designed in the spike (S) gene for the presence of BoTV. The specimens were also examined for the presence of other enteric pathogens, bovine rotavirus, coronavirus and Cryptosporidium spp. BoTV RNA was detected in 15 (15.2%) of the 99 diarrheic samples from Hokkaido and in 9 (23.7%) of the 38 diarrheic samples from the other prefectures. The incidence of BoTV in control specimens was 7.0%. In 11 of the 15 BoTV-positive specimens from Hokkaido, BoTV was the only pathogen detected among those examined, and 11 BoTV-positive specimens were obtained from calves less than 2 weeks of age. Rotavirus was confirmed to be associated with calf diarrhea, but coronavirus and Cryptosporidium spp. were not. Nucleotide sequences of 17 different BoTV RT-PCR products were determined. Phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences revealed that Japanese BoTVs could be classified into at least two groups. This study showed that BoTV is a common virus in fecal specimens of calves with diarrhea in Japan and may be an important pathogen of cattle, principally in young calves less than 2 weeks of age.

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“…Various intestinal pathogens are frequently detected both in diarrheic [29][30][31] and healthy calves [29,32], but for choosing the right treatment, prevention measures and possible prophylaxis, detecting the etiological agent of diarrhoea is necessary. Amongst all intestinal pathogens detected E. bovis and E. zuernii showed association with diarrhoea in this study.…”

Section: Intestinal Pathogens and Diarrhoeamentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal pathogens, diarrhoea and acute phase proteins in naturally infected dairy calves

Seppä-Lassila

Orro

Lassen

et al. 2015

Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

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In this study, the association between Eimeria spp. related signs and innate immune response in dairy calves was examined. Calves (n=100) aged 15-60 days were clinically examined and faecal samples, blood samples and deep nasopharyngeal swabs obtained. The samples were analysed for intestinal pathogens, acute phase proteins and WBC count, and respiratory tract pathogens, respectively. Diarrhoea was diagnosed in 32.6% (23.3-43.0%, 95% CI) of calves. An association between the pathogenic Eimeria spp. and diarrhoea was detected by multiple correspondence analysis. Eimeria related signs (diarrhoea, presence of pathogenic species and total oocyst count) were combined resulting a four level variable. Calves with weak signs of eimeriosis had decreased haptoglobin concentrations (p=0.02) and increased fibrinogen concentrations (p=0.048) compared to no signs. Increased haptoglobin and fibrinogen concentrations were associated with respiratory tract infection and umbilical infection. Serum amyloid A and WBC counts showed no association with signs of eimeriosis or clinical diagnoses.

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Association of enteric shedding of bovine torovirus (Breda virus) and other enteropathogens with diarrhea in veal calves

Abstract: Shedding of BoTV was strongly associated with diarrhea in neonatal veal calves during the first week after arrival at the farm. These data provide evidence that BoTV is an important pathogen of neonatal veal calves.

Cited by 32 publications

References 25 publications

Using routinely collected data to evaluate risk factors for mortality of veal calves

Using routinely collected data to evaluate risk factors for mortality of veal calves

Detection of Bovine Torovirus in Fecal Specimens of Calves with Diarrhea in Japan

Intestinal pathogens, diarrhoea and acute phase proteins in naturally infected dairy calves

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