Detection of Bovine Torovirus in Fecal Specimens of Calves with Diarrhea in Japan

Kirisawa, Rikio; Takeyama, Ai; Koiwa, Masateru; Iwai, Hiroshi

doi:10.1292/jvms.69.471

Cited by 28 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Unlike bovine caliciviruses, it was difficult to judge the role that BToV may play in calf diarrhea because the virus was detected in a relatively small number of the fecal samples examined (1.1%). Such a detection frequency of BToV in our study is similar to what was previously reported from Korea (2.9%) and Austria (5.2%) but different from that reported in USA (36.4%) and Japan (18%) (Duckmanton et al, 1998;Haschek et al, 2006;Kirisawa et al, 2007;Park et al, 2008b). Although a statistically significant association between BToV and diarrhea could not be demonstrated due to a low prevalence, it must be pointed out that the virus was detected only in feces from diarrheic calves.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Case–control study of microbiological etiology associated with calf diarrhea

Cho

Han

Wang

et al. 2013

Veterinary Microbiology

135

132

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Calf diarrhea is a major economic burden for the US cattle industry. A variety of infectious agents are implicated in calf diarrhea and co-infection of multiple pathogens is not uncommon in diarrheic calves. A case-control study was conducted to assess infectious etiologies associated with calf diarrhea in Midwest cattle farms. A total of 199 and 245 fecal samples were obtained from diarrheic and healthy calves, respectively, from 165 cattle farms. Samples were tested by a panel of multiplex PCR assays for 11 enteric pathogens: bovine rotavirus group A (BRV-A), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine enterovirus (BEV), bovine norovirus (BNoV), Nebovirus, bovine torovirus (BToV) Salmonella spp. (Salmonella), Escherichia coli (E. coli) K99(+), Clostridium perfringens with β toxin gene and Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum). The association between diarrhea and detection of each pathogen was analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression model. More than a half of the fecal samples from the diarrheic calves had multiple pathogens. Statistically, BRV-A, BCoV, BNoV, Nebovirus, Salmonella, E. coli K99(+), and C. parvum were significantly associated with calf diarrhea (p<0.05). Among them, C. parvum and BRV-A were considered to be the most common enteric pathogens for calf diarrhea with high detection frequency (33.7% and 27.1%) and strong odds ratio (173 and 79.9). Unexpectedly BNoV (OR=2.0) and Nebovirus (OR=16.7) were identified with high frequency in diarrheic calves, suggesting these viruses may have a significant contribution to calf diarrhea.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Case–control study of microbiological etiology associated with calf diarrhea

Cho

Han

Wang

et al. 2013

Veterinary Microbiology

135

132

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“…Different species and genotypes of cryptosporidia were recorded in brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) in an urban area in western Japan (Kimura et al 2007). Moreover, different incidences of Cryptosporidium were recorded in young calves according to the location of the sampled animals (Kirisawa et al 2007) Although Miyagi prefecture is known as dairy farming areas, very little information is available about cryptosporidiosis as well as its diversity in these areas. Moreover, while the association between cryptosporidiosis and calves is well established, little is known about adult dairy cattle in this respect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The first detection of Cryptosporidium deer-like genotype in cattle in Japan

et al. 2008

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The general perception is that cattle are major reservoirs for Cryptosporidium parvum infections in humans and that C. parvum is a major cause of diarrhea and production loss in cattle. Adult cattle may play an important role as cryptic carrier of the infection. Cryptosporidium spp. in asymptomatic adult dairy cattle from some farms around Osaki area, Miyagi prefecture, Japan, was examined on a field visit during August, 2007, by polymerase chain reaction techniques for detection, genotyping, and subtyping. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in the feces of five out of 50 animals. Of the five Cryptosporidium-positive specimens available for molecular analysis, C. parvum was identified in three specimens, Cryptosporidium deer-like genotype in one, and Cryptosporidium andersoni in one specimen. Amplification of Cpgp60 from C. andersoni and Cryptosporidium deer-like genotype samples revealed that these samples have light concurrent C. parvum infection. Sequence analysis of the 60-kDa glycoprotein gene indicated that all C. parvum samples are IIa subtype. Detection of Cryptosporidium deer-like genotype is geographically unique in Japan. The genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium in dairy cattle in Japan may be much greater than that reported before.

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“…The reported fecal prevalence of BToVs in bovine diarrhea specimens by conventional RT-PCR or nested PCR was 36.4% in Canada (Duckmanton et al, 1998), 5.2% in Austria (Haschek et al, 2006), 9.7% in the United States (Hoet et al, 2003), 3.6% in Hungary (Matiz et al, 2002), 15.2-23.7% in Japan (Kiriwasa et al, 2007) and 2.9% in South Korea (Park et al, 2008). Porcine toroviruses were detected in 5% of the diarrhea specimens of piglets in Hungary (Matiz et al, 2002), 23.7% in Japan (Kiriwasa et al, 2007), and 6.4% in South Korea . Using the same South Korean bovine and porcine fecal samples (Park et al, 2008;Shin et al, 2010), SYBR Green realtime RT-PCR assay detected BToVs in 18.2% and PToVs in 36.0% of the samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of universal SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR for the rapid detection and quantitation of bovine and porcine toroviruses

Hosmillo

Jeong

Kim

et al. 2010

Journal of Virological Methods

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Toroviruses (ToVs) are a group of emerging viruses that cause gastroenteritis in domestic animals and humans. Currently, methods such as real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) have not yet been developed for the rapid detection and quantitation of bovine (BToV) and porcine (PToV) toroviruses. Using BToV and PToV RNA standards generated by in vitro transcription, the detection limit of the SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR assay was 2.54 x 10(2) BToV and 2.17 x 10(3) PToV copies/reaction (correlation coefficiency=0.99 and 0.97, respectively), whereas those of RT-PCR and nested PCR were 2.54 x 10(5) and 2.54 x 10(4) (BToV) and 2.17 x 10(7) and 2.17 x 10(5) (PToV) cRNA viral copies/reaction, respectively. Archived diarrhea specimens of calves (n=121) and piglets (n=86) were subjected to RT-PCR, nested PCR and SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR. By conventional RT-PCR, 1 (0.8%) bovine and 7 (8.1%) porcine samples tested positive to BToV and PToV, respectively. With nested PCR, 13 (10.7%) bovine and 17 (19.8%) porcine samples tested positive. SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR assay detected BToV and PToV in 22 of 121 (18.2%) bovine and 31 of 86 (36.0%) porcine samples. These results indicate that SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR (P<0.05) is a more sensitive assay, which can be reproduced as a reliable, sensitive, and rapid tool for the detection and quantitation of toroviruses.

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Detection of Bovine Torovirus in Fecal Specimens of Calves with Diarrhea in Japan

Cited by 28 publications

References 31 publications

Case–control study of microbiological etiology associated with calf diarrhea

Case–control study of microbiological etiology associated with calf diarrhea

The first detection of Cryptosporidium deer-like genotype in cattle in Japan

Development of universal SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR for the rapid detection and quantitation of bovine and porcine toroviruses

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