Intestinal pathogens, diarrhoea and acute phase proteins in naturally infected dairy calves

Seppä-Lassila, Leena; Orro, Toomas; Lassen, Brian; Lasonen, Riikka; Autio, Tiina; Pelkonen, Sinikka; Soveri, Timo

doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2015.05.004

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In this study, C. parvum was the predominant Cryptosporidium species detected. This is in contrast to reports from calves of comparable age groups from nearby countries Sweden (Silverlås et al, 2010;Björkman et al, 2015) and Finland (Seppä-Lassila et al, 2015), where the dominant species found were C. bovis, and C. bovis and C. ryanae, respectively. The results of this study resemble the results from Belgium, Slovenia and the Czech Republic, where C. parvum accounted for most of the Cryptosporidium findings from calves (Geurden et al, 2007;Soba and Logar, 2008;Kváč et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology ofCryptosporidiumspp. in calves in Estonia: high prevalence ofCryptosporidium parvumshedding and 10 subtypes identified

et al. 2018

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We investigated the molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium spp. in Estonia by testing fecal samples from 486 calves aged <2 months, raised on 53 cattle farms, for the presence of Cryptosporidium DNA. The parasites were identified and characterized by sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene and of the 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene. Moreover, using a questionnaire, we surveyed factors that could be relevant for animal-to-human and human-to-animal transmission of Cryptosporidium spp. on the farms. Cryptosporidium spp. were shed by 23% of the investigated calves and at least one shedding calf was found on 66% of the farms. Cryptosporidium parvum was the most common species shed, while C. bovis and C. ryanae were also detected. More than half of the calves aged 8-14 days shed C. parvum. Nine previously described C. parvum subtypes (IIaA14G1R1, IIaA16G1R1, IIaA17G1R1, IIaA18G1R1, IIaA19G1R1, IIaA20G1R1, IIaA21G1R1, IIaA22G1R1 and IIaA16G2R1) and an apparently novel subtype IIlA21R2 were found. Calves from farms that reported spreading manure on fields during spring had 10 times higher odds to shed Cryptosporidium spp. in their feces than calves from farms that did not. Calves aged 8-14 days had higher odds to shed IIa18G1R1 as well as IIaA16G1R1 than younger calves.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology ofCryptosporidiumspp. in calves in Estonia: high prevalence ofCryptosporidium parvumshedding and 10 subtypes identified

et al. 2018

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“…Disease rates of the beef calves in this study reflect those of dairy calves in Nordic countries (Lundborg et al, 2005;Gulliksen et al, 2009;Seppä-Lassila et al, 2015), except that the beef calves had less diarrhoea. The health of beef calves in Central Europe was evaluated by farmers, resulting in higher (Busato et al, 1997) or slightly lower (Slavík et al, 2009) disease prevalence than in this study.…”

Section: Clinical Diseases and Pathogens Of Intestinal And Respiratormentioning

confidence: 52%

Health and growth of Finnish beef calves and the relation to acute phase response

Seppä-Lassila

Eerola²,

Orro

et al. 2017

Livestock Science

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A B S T R A C THealthy, thriving calves are essential for beef calf production. We studied the health status and factors associated with the growth of beef calves in six cow-calf herds during the first month of the calves' lives and at weaning age (200 days).The six herds were visited three times, when calves were approximately 3 days, 16 days and 30 days of age. On each visit calves (n=37) were clinically examined, weighed or measured, blood samples were collected, faecal samples obtained and deep nasopharyngeal swabs were taken. Each blood sample was analysed for acute phase proteins (haptoglobin, serum amyloid-A, fibrinogen), total proteins and albumin, the faecal sample for intestinal tract pathogens (rotavirus, bovine coronavirus, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella, oocysts of Eimeria coccidia and Cryptosporidium, and nematode eggs), and the nasopharyngeal swab for respiratory tract pathogens (bovine coronavirus (BCV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), bacteria and mycoplasma).Clinical diagnosis of respiratory tract disease, diarrhoea or umbilical disease was set at 15.0% for all the three consecutive examinations combined (n=107), but only few pathogens were detected from the samples. The increased levels of acute phase proteins were neither associated with any of the diseases nor with the pathogens. Random intercept linear models were used to explore factors affecting early (3-30 days) and long-term (3-200 days) growth, showing that calves with elevated serum amyloid-A concentrations at the age of 16 days had lower long-term growth. Increased albumin concentration at 30 days of age and higher parity of the dam increased early-term growth. The lack of association between a disease and the acute phase protein may stem from the low disease prevalence in the beef calves examined. The measurement of acute phase proteins of a young calf can help identify animals with possible future growth deficiencies, although the mechanisms through which the association between acute phase proteins and growth has yet to be explained.

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“…In Finnish calves, the opposite was observed; Eimeria spp. was associated with diarrhoea, while Cryptosporidium and Giardia were not (Seppä-Lassila et al, 2015). This illustrates that intestinal parasites, including Cryptosporidium, are important agents of disease in calves in the area, but the general clinical picture varies.…”

Section: Parasite Infection Diarrhoea and Halofuginone Lactate Treamentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In neonatal calves, APPs go through significant changes during first 2 to 3 weeks of life (Orro et al, 2008;Tóthová et al, 2015), suggesting that APPs have a role in the adaptation of neonate calves to the new environment. In reindeer calves, lambs, and beef calves, high concentrations of SAA measured in the second week of life have been associated with lower weight gain recorded many months later (Orro et al, 2006;Peetsalu et al, 2013;Seppä-Lassila et al, 2015, 2017.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidium outbreak in calves on a large dairy farm: Effect of treatment and the association with the inflammatory response and short-term weight gain

Niine

Dorbek-Kolin

Lassen

et al. 2018

Research in Veterinary Science

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Cryptosporidium spp. infections in neonatal dairy calves can cause diarrhoea and, in rare cases, death. The infection is usually self-limiting, but halofuginone lactate (HL) can be used prophylactically. Calves (n=144) in the study were born during a 2-month period on one farm. A total of 901 serum and 767 faecal samples were collected. Based on HL treatment, the calves were divided into 3 groups: I) not treated, II) treated incorrectly (treatment started >48h after birth, or lasted <7days), and III) treated correctly (started <48h after birth, and lasted ≥7days). Over the 3-month observation period, 14.6% (n=21) of the calves died, of which most (67%) had not been treated with HL. Correctly performed treatment of cryptosporidiosis significantly delayed the onset of oocysts shedding (P<0.001) and reduced haptoglobin (HP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations in the second week of life. HP concentration and HL treatment were negatively associated with weight gain at 3months of age. Cryptosporidium positive faecal samples were significantly (P<0.001) more likely to be diarrhoeic but Giardia or Eimeria positive samples were not. Correct prophylactic treatment with HL delayed the shedding of Cryptosporidium oocysts and improved survival, but was negatively associated with weight gain. Incorrect treatment had a low impact on mortality and resembled no treatment regarding the proportion of calves shedding oocysts. Acute phase response (APR) in the second week of life seemed to be positively associated with shedding high amounts of Cryptosporidium oocysts.

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Intestinal pathogens, diarrhoea and acute phase proteins in naturally infected dairy calves

Cited by 19 publications

References 39 publications

Molecular epidemiology ofCryptosporidiumspp. in calves in Estonia: high prevalence ofCryptosporidium parvumshedding and 10 subtypes identified

Molecular epidemiology ofCryptosporidiumspp. in calves in Estonia: high prevalence ofCryptosporidium parvumshedding and 10 subtypes identified

Health and growth of Finnish beef calves and the relation to acute phase response

Cryptosporidium outbreak in calves on a large dairy farm: Effect of treatment and the association with the inflammatory response and short-term weight gain

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