Association of cervicovaginal infections with increased vaginal fluid phospholipase A2 activity

McGregor, James A.; French, Janice I.; Jones, Ward; Parker, R; Patterson, Elisa; Draper, Deborah

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(92)91746-w

Cited by 36 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Previously McGregor et al (22) reported increased levels of PLA 2 activity in vaginal secretions of pregnant women with various sexually transmitted infections including T. vaginalis infection and suggested that this may contribute to the pathogenesis of preterm labor and birth which was previously correlated with T. vaginalis infection (10). In addition to the phos- (24,32,33), phospholipases such as PLA have recently been shown to be produced by several parasitic protozoa (5,7,30,38), and the capacity for host tissue damage either through active release or release after parasite destruction by host responses has been suggested (38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Purification and Analysis of a Phospholipase A₂-Like Lytic Factor ofTrichomonas vaginalis

Lubick

Burgess

2004

Infect Immun

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Trichomonas vaginalis produces soluble factors that have been reported to have the ability to damage target cells in vitro, and it has been hypothesized that these factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of human trichomoniasis. A lytic factor (LF) was purified from T. vaginalis, and the molecular characteristics of LF were determined. T. vaginalis extract was subjected to hydrophobic chromatography with a 10 to 60% N-propanol gradient in 0.1 M ammonium acetate, resulting in the elution of LF from the column at 30% N-propanol. Cytotoxicity assays revealed that LF was cytotoxic to WEHI 164 cells and bovine red blood cells, and inactivation of LF by treatment with trypsin suggested that the active component of LF was a protein. Size exclusion chromatography of LF produced two fractions at 144 and 168 kDa, and analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of LF under reducing conditions revealed two subunits of 57 and 60 kDa. Results of a fluorescence assay of LF on carboxyfluorescein-labeled liposomes composed of phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol showed that liposomes were hydrolyzed, suggesting that LF had phospholipase activity. Thin-layer chromatography analysis of BODIPY (4,4-difluoro-3a,4adiaza-s-indacene)-labeled phosphatidylcholine treated with LF demonstrated products that migrated identically to the products produced by treatment with phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ). These results suggest that LF is a PLA 2 and may be an important virulence factor of T. vaginalis mediating the destruction of host cells and contributing to tissue damage and inflammation in trichomoniasis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Purification and Analysis of a Phospholipase A₂-Like Lytic Factor ofTrichomonas vaginalis

Lubick

Burgess

2004

Infect Immun

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“…Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity has been identified in the soluble fraction of T. vaginalis protein extracts. Furthermore, increased PLA2 concentrations have been reported in vaginal secretions of pregnant women infected with T. vaginalis where they are speculated to contribute to the pathogenesis of preterm birth 93. Hydrolysis of phospholipids to free fatty acids by trichomonads supports parasite survival by providing a source of lipid nutrients while also mediating lysis of host cell membranes 91…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Trichomonosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms ofTritrichomonas foetusPathogenicity in Cats with Insights from Venereal Trichomonosis

Tolbert

Gookin

2016

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Almost 20 years has passed since trichomonosis was first recognized as a potential cause of diarrhea in domestic cats. Despite progress in confirming disease causation, developing means for diagnosis, and identifying approaches to treatment of the infection, we still know very little about how this parasite causes diarrhea. With increasing recognition of resistance of trichomonosis to treatment with 5‐nitroimidazole drugs, new treatment strategies based on an understanding of disease pathogenesis are needed. In this review, lessons learned from the pathogenesis of venereal trichomonosis in people and cattle are applied to clinical observations of trichomonosis in cats in effort to generate insight into areas where further research may be beneficial.

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“…Trichomonads are usually confined to the lumen of the genitalia (Parsonson et al 1976) but can adhere tightly to oviductal epithelial cells, thus preventing fertilization (Midlej et al 2009). On the other hand, Trichomonas vaginalis causes hydrolase and endotoxin invasion of the amniotic fluid in pregnant women (McGregor et al 1992).…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative aspects of immunity and vaccination in human and bovine trichomoniasis: a review

Chapwanya

Usman

Irons

2015

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus are important extracellular protozoans that cause, respect i v e l y, h u m a n a n d b o v i n e v e n e r e a l d i s e a s e s . Trichomonads are extracellular parasites that primarily inhabit the genital tracts of the mammalian hosts where they overcome the mucus barrier and parasitize mucosa by contact-dependent or contact-independent cytotoxicity. Transient immunity is usually achieved by the host after clinical infection. At present, vaccination in cattle reduces infection rates and reproductive wastage in affected herds. After vaccination, immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels increase in systemic circulation while immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels rise in the vagina. Only moderate protection is conferred by means of vaccination. Future vaccine development strategies are needed for cattle to enhance the antigenic component or use adjuvant that strongly activates the innate immune response to produce safe and potent vaccines. This paper reviews the current knowledge of the immunology of trichomoniasis infection and the challenges and potential of vaccines in the control of the infection in human and bovine trichomoniasis.

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Association of cervicovaginal infections with increased vaginal fluid phospholipase A2 activity

Cited by 36 publications

References 29 publications

Purification and Analysis of a Phospholipase A₂-Like Lytic Factor ofTrichomonas vaginalis

Purification and Analysis of a Phospholipase A₂-Like Lytic Factor ofTrichomonas vaginalis

Mechanisms ofTritrichomonas foetusPathogenicity in Cats with Insights from Venereal Trichomonosis

Comparative aspects of immunity and vaccination in human and bovine trichomoniasis: a review

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Association of cervicovaginal infections with increased vaginal fluid phospholipase A2 activity

Cited by 36 publications

References 29 publications

Purification and Analysis of a Phospholipase A2-Like Lytic Factor ofTrichomonas vaginalis

Purification and Analysis of a Phospholipase A2-Like Lytic Factor ofTrichomonas vaginalis

Mechanisms ofTritrichomonas foetusPathogenicity in Cats with Insights from Venereal Trichomonosis

Comparative aspects of immunity and vaccination in human and bovine trichomoniasis: a review

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Purification and Analysis of a Phospholipase A₂-Like Lytic Factor ofTrichomonas vaginalis

Purification and Analysis of a Phospholipase A₂-Like Lytic Factor ofTrichomonas vaginalis