Association of biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress with the risk of chronic kidney disease in Type 2 diabetes mellitus in North Indian population

Association of glutathione-S-transferase with patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without nephropathy

“…Our results are in line with the study by Gupta et al (2013) and Kumawat et al (2009) which showed that there was a significant decrease in reduced GSH and increase in MDA levels in diabetic patients with micro-vascular complications (DN) [3,29]. We observed a significant reduction in FRAP and GSH in DN vs T2DM and HC confirming the hypothesis of the depletion of small molecule antioxidants that follow severe hyperglycemia [30].…”

“…One of the most important microvascular complication of T2DM is diabetic nephropathy (DN), which affects 30-40% of the patients with T2DM [2]. Prolonged hyperglycemia in T2DM leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) ultimately leading to oxidative stress (OS) [3] which is associated with either increased production of oxidizing species or a significant decrease in the antioxidant defenses. This, inturn can cause damage to cellular organelles and enzymes, increased lipid peroxidation, and development of insulin resistance leading to diabetic complications viz: retinopathy and nephropathy etc [4].…”

Clinical Impact of Hemorheology Assessed Using the Microchannel Array Flow Analyzer on Renal Resistive Index in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…A number of studies have reported an association between oxidative stress and the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus [30,31]. In this study, the d-ROMs test, as a marker of the oxidative stress in vivo, also exhibited a significant correlation with RRI by the multivariate analysis.…”

The progress of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with chronic kidney disease

“…Therefore, inflammatory cytokines associated with oxidative stress promote renal tissue damage by inflicting apoptosis, necrosis, fibrosis, and may be major mechanisms in the pathogenesis and progress of CKD. 21 Although the exact mechanisms of inflammation and oxidative stress have not been accurately elucidated in CKD patients, a number of following described factors appear to be involved, including uremic toxins, 3 rennin-angiotensin system, 22 hypertension, 23 underlying diseases (diabetes, autoimmune diseases, etc. ), 24 infection, iron overload, 25 antioxidant deficiency, 26 etc.…”