The progress of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with chronic kidney disease

Abstract

Background: The variations and their correlation of inflammation and oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease (CKD) have not been thoroughly understood. Materials and methods: Biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress were measured in a cohort of 176 patients with CKD ranging from stage 1 to 5 and 67 healthy controls. Correlation analysis in levels between inflammation and oxidative stress was also performed with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula. Concentrations of serum creatinine (Scr), hs-CRP (hypersensitive C reactive protein) and MDA (malondialdehyde) of these participants were measured again after 12 month follow-up. Results: In the present study, with the development of CKD, serum levels of hs-CRP, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and MDA were significantly increased, and the serum levels of SOD (superoxide dismutase) and GSH-PX (glutathione peroxidase) were significantly decreased in these participants. eGFR was inversely associated with MDA and positively with SOD and GSH-PX when adjusting for age and hypertension therapy. IL-6 and hs-CRP were positively correlated with MDA, and negatively associated with SOD and GSH-PX. Notably, after 12-month follow-up, the increase in Scr was positively associated with the increase in hs-CRP (p50.01) and MDA (p50.05), respectively. Conclusions: Inflammation and oxidative stress interacted with each other and played pivotal roles in the development of CKD. Variation in eGFR was parallel with the changes of oxidative stress and inflammation when CKD developing.

Effect of aqueous extract and anthocyanins of calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Malvaceae) in rats with adenine-induced chronic kidney disease

“…[4] Oxidative stress and inflammation are known to be constant features in CKD, [36,37] and this may be the basis of the ensuing increase in BP and other consequences. [38] The mechanisms by which HS aqueous extract and anthocyanins abate the studied parameters of CKD may include their antihypertensive action, [39] and the reduction of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers that were raised by adenine feeding. Oxidative stress is known to cause glomerular sclerosis, tubular injury, albuminuria and gradual renal dysfunction.…”

Stop chronic kidney disease progression: Time is approaching

“…CKD is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress which contribute to CKD progression [171] . A positive correlation was encountered between the rate of rise in serum creatinine and 2 markers of inflammation, namely, hs-CRP and malondialdehyde [172] .…”

Genetic overexpressing of GPx‐1 attenuates cocaine‐induced renal toxicity via induction of anti‐apoptotic factors

“…The glutathione redox cycle was impaired in proximal tubular cells of the kidney at low concentrations of cocaine, suggesting that the antioxidant activity of GSH is compromised at low concentrations . Furthermore, dysregulation of glutathione homeostasis and alterations in glutathione‐dependent enzyme activities are implicated in the induction and progression of renal degeneration …”

“…13 Furthermore, dysregulation of glutathione homeostasis and alterations in glutathione-dependent enzyme activities are implicated in the induction and progression of renal degeneration. 14,15 Glutathione is present in the cell in reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) forms. The GSH serves as a substrate for enzymes that scavenge ROS, inactivate electrophilic species, and restore reduced cysteine-thiol moieties on proteins, with the concomitant production of GSSG.…”