Association between urbanisation and the risk of hyperuricaemia among Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS)

Yu, Xixi; Zhu, Cheng; Zhang, Han; Shen, Ziyan; Chen, Jing; Gu, Yan; Lv, Shiqi; Zhang, Di; Wang, Yulin; Ding, Xiaoqiang; Zhang, Xiaoyan

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044905

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Nevertheless, most studies argued that urbanization's adverse effects on people's health outweigh beneficial effects, and has brought about an increase in medical and health care expenditure. Yu et al ( 46 ) found that urbanicity was a risk factor for hyperuricemia (HUA) in Chinese adults. Miao and Wu ( 12 ) indicated that although the income increases with the development of urbanization in China, a more high-fat diet and reduction of exercise in the process of urbanization offset the health benefits from high income.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Urbanization on Health Care Expenditure: Evidence From China

Shao

Tao

Luca

2022

Front. Public Health

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This paper investigates the impact and non-linear effects of urbanization on health care expenditure in China. The results indicate that urbanization in both Eastern and Central regions can significantly increase health care expenditure. But the impact of urbanization is not significant, which is related to the backward economic development level and low urbanization rate in the Western region. Taking population aging into consideration, the results of the panel threshold regression model imply that the positive relationship between urbanization and health care expenditure becomes greater when the level of population aging exceeds 10.72% in the Eastern region and 7.00% in the Western region. Therefore, in the urbanization process, the government should pay attention to the positive effect of urbanization on health care expenditure, provide more financial support for the construction of medical facilities, and expand the coverage of medical services and security for residents, especially for elderly people.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Urbanization on Health Care Expenditure: Evidence From China

Shao

Tao

Luca

2022

Front. Public Health

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“…It employs a multistage, random-cluster process to ensure good representation of the general Chinese population (13). It selects samples by province that vary in socioeconomic development and geography in each wave ( 14) and focuses on health during urbanization and economic development (15).…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertension Prevalence Rates Among Urban and Rural Older Adults of China, 1991–2015: A Standardization and Decomposition Analysis

Lin

2021

Front. Public Health

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Objectives: The prevalence of hypertension (HTN) among older adults is becoming an important issue in public health in China as it is now stepping into the super-aged society with high pressure of a chronic disease burden. With urban–rural differences in population composition and health facilities, this study aimed to assess the gaps in the prevalence trends of HTN among older adults by considering demographic factors such as age, gender, education level, and regional differences during 1991–2015 in China.Methods: We adopted the consistent sampling design and measure of HTN of the cross-longitudinal surveys of the China Health and Nutrition survey, and we compared the HTN prevalence rates between urban and rural older adults by taking each wave of the survey as a cross-sectional sample of the Chinese population by the following and supplementary samples. The classic standardization and decomposition analysis method was utilized with four factor-specific rates, and contributions were calculated, i.e., age, gender, education, and region, which reflects the aspect of demographic and social development differences between urban and rural areas of China.Results: The prevalence rates of HTN of the whole of older adults were increasing in 1991–2015. However, the gaps of prevalence rates of HTN between urban and rural areas show different trends accompanied by the health policies launched by the government. Namely, the gap was narrowed during 1993–1997 and then enlarged during 1997–2011 and narrowing again. Those trends reflect the policy effects with the health resource allocation and utilization of health services for urban and rural older adults.Conclusions: With the four factors of decomposition analysis, the differences reflect the results of health policy effects, considering the urban–rural discrepancy on older adults with different demographic characteristics. Hence, the differentiated policies should be considered with the urban–rural population, such as HTN prevention and the population health promotion.

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“…In contrast, our study found that the prevalence in Chinese children and adolescents was 23.3%, which was much higher than that in other countries. This difference may be due to difference in ethnic, obesity epidemic, eating habits and lifestyle [ 28 , 29 ]. Of note, we found that 2.9% of children had a SUA level of higher than 540 μmol/L ( Supplemental Table 4 ), which means they need to receive uric acid-lowering therapy according to Chinese clinical guidelines [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and related factors of hyperuricaemia in Chinese children and adolescents: a pooled analysis of 11 population-based studies

Rao

Lü

et al. 2022

Annals of Medicine

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Background and aims Hyperuricaemia can lead to gout and is associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic disease. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of hyperuricaemia and its related factors in Chinese children and adolescents. Methods We pooled data from 11 population-based studies comprising 54,580 participants aged 3–19 years. The sex- and age-standardized prevalence of hyperuricaemia was estimated overall and by sex, age, weight status, geographic region and survey year. Results Serum uric acid (SUA) increased gradually from 3 to 11 years with no significant sex difference, and then increased dramatically during 11–15 years. The estimated overall prevalence of hyperuricaemia was 23.3% (26.6% in boys and 19.8% in girls, p < .001). The prevalence increased with growing age (3.7, 9.8, 15.8, 35.5 and 31.7% among children aged 3–5, 6–8, 9–11, 12–15 and 16–19 years, respectively, p for trend < .001) and with increasing weight status (18.2, 37.6, 50.6 and 64.5% among children with non-overweight, overweight, obesity and extreme obesity, respectively, p for trend < .001). The prevalence was higher in North than in South (24.2 vs . 19.7%, p < .001), and increased markedly from 16.7% during 2009–2015 to 24.8% during 2016–2019. In multivariable regression analyses, sex, age, obesity, region and survey year were independently associated with odds of hyperuricaemia. Conclusions The prevalence of hyperuricaemia in Chinese children and adolescents is unexpectedly high. The findings suggest an urgent need to implement effective interventions to reduce risk of hyperuricaemia in Chinese youths. KEY MESSAGES Question: What is the prevalence of hyperuricaemia in Chinese children and adolescents? Findings: In this large pooled cross-sectional study comprising >50,000 children and adolescents aged 3–19 years, we found that the prevalence of hyperuricaemia was high in overall population and subgroups of sex, age, obesity, region and survey year. Meaning: Our findings indicate that hyperuricaemia is an important health problem in Chinese children and adolescents, and effective intervention strategies are needed to reduce its burden.

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Association between urbanisation and the risk of hyperuricaemia among Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS)

Cited by 8 publications

References 50 publications

The Effect of Urbanization on Health Care Expenditure: Evidence From China

The Effect of Urbanization on Health Care Expenditure: Evidence From China

Hypertension Prevalence Rates Among Urban and Rural Older Adults of China, 1991–2015: A Standardization and Decomposition Analysis

Prevalence and related factors of hyperuricaemia in Chinese children and adolescents: a pooled analysis of 11 population-based studies

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