Background and aims Hyperuricaemia can lead to gout and is associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic disease. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of hyperuricaemia and its related factors in Chinese children and adolescents. Methods We pooled data from 11 population-based studies comprising 54,580 participants aged 3–19 years. The sex- and age-standardized prevalence of hyperuricaemia was estimated overall and by sex, age, weight status, geographic region and survey year. Results Serum uric acid (SUA) increased gradually from 3 to 11 years with no significant sex difference, and then increased dramatically during 11–15 years. The estimated overall prevalence of hyperuricaemia was 23.3% (26.6% in boys and 19.8% in girls, p < .001). The prevalence increased with growing age (3.7, 9.8, 15.8, 35.5 and 31.7% among children aged 3–5, 6–8, 9–11, 12–15 and 16–19 years, respectively, p for trend < .001) and with increasing weight status (18.2, 37.6, 50.6 and 64.5% among children with non-overweight, overweight, obesity and extreme obesity, respectively, p for trend < .001). The prevalence was higher in North than in South (24.2 vs . 19.7%, p < .001), and increased markedly from 16.7% during 2009–2015 to 24.8% during 2016–2019. In multivariable regression analyses, sex, age, obesity, region and survey year were independently associated with odds of hyperuricaemia. Conclusions The prevalence of hyperuricaemia in Chinese children and adolescents is unexpectedly high. The findings suggest an urgent need to implement effective interventions to reduce risk of hyperuricaemia in Chinese youths. KEY MESSAGES Question: What is the prevalence of hyperuricaemia in Chinese children and adolescents? Findings: In this large pooled cross-sectional study comprising >50,000 children and adolescents aged 3–19 years, we found that the prevalence of hyperuricaemia was high in overall population and subgroups of sex, age, obesity, region and survey year. Meaning: Our findings indicate that hyperuricaemia is an important health problem in Chinese children and adolescents, and effective intervention strategies are needed to reduce its burden.
Importance Extensive population‐based studies have explored the prevalence of primary hypertension (HTN) in children and adolescents. However, there is little published data on the characteristics of different types of pediatric HTN and the causes of secondary HTN. Objective To investigate the characteristics of different types of pediatric HTN and the causes of secondary HTN in a hospital setting. Methods The study cohort comprised pediatric inpatients (<18 years of age) discharged with a diagnosis of HTN from Beijing Children’s Hospital during 2015–2020. Pediatric patients with HTN were allocated to secondary and primary HTN groups on the basis of comprehensive analyses of their diagnoses, family history of HTN, and findings on physical examination, as documented in their medical records. The Mann–Whitney U test, χ 2 and Fisher’s exact test were used to assess differences in characteristics of patients with different HTN types and causes of secondary HTN. Results Data of 1470 inpatients with HTN from 18 clinical departments were included in the analysis. Among them, 458 (31.2%) had primary HTN, and 1012 (68.8%) had secondary HTN. Compared with patients had primary HTN, children with secondary HTN were younger and had lower body mass indexes and longer lengths of stay. Moreover, children with primary HTN had mostly been managed by the Endocrinology and Cardiology Departments, 75.8% of them having obesity‐related comorbidities. In contrast, most patients with secondary HTN had been managed by the Nephrology Department, renal diseases being the leading cause of their HTN (46.3%). Interpretation Secondary HTN is more common than primary HTN in pediatric clinical settings, renal diseases being the leading cause of secondary HTN.
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