Association between the use of antibiotics during pregnancy and obesity in 5-year-old children

Abstract

Background: Obesity is an epidemic that must arouse our attention. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between antibiotic use during pregnancy and childhood obesity in 5-year-old Chinese children.Methods: A total of 132 5-year-old children born in our hospital from January 2014 to January 2016 were included. The children's genders, nationalities, chronic diseases, and other factors were collected as adjusted covariates. We also collected the pre-pregnancy body mass indexes (BMIs) of pregnant women, diagnosis of diabetes mellitus or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), maternal smoking, mode of delivery (cesarean section and vaginal delivery), and weight gain during pregnancy, which may affect childhood obesity. A linear mixed effect regression model was used to test the correlation between antibiotic use during pregnancy and the BMI of 5-year-old children, and a logistic mixed effect regression model was used to evaluate the correlation between antibiotic use during pregnancy and obesity outcome.Results: When adjusted for the child's gender, birth weight, cesarean section, chronic diseases, maternal smoking during pregnancy, pre-pregnancy BMI, diagnosis of diabetes or GDM, mode of delivery (cesarean section and vaginal delivery), and weight gain during pregnancy (Model 3), antibiotic use during pregnancy was positively correlated with the BMI of 5-year-old children (β=0.01, 95% CI: 0.01-0.03, P=0.04).Antibiotic use during pregnancy increased the risk of obesity by 4% in 5-year-old children (OR =1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.16, P=0.02). Conclusions:The use of antibiotics during pregnancy is positively correlated with the risk of obesity in 5-year-old children.

Non-nutritive sweeteners consumption during pregnancy associates with reduced Lactobacillaceae in colostrum and lower gestational age at birth: A pilot study

“…Likewise, only in these women, Bi dobacteriaceae, Eubacteriales, and Roseburia were signi cantly lower. Other studies have reported that around 20-25% of women have received an antibiotic while pregnant [43] and that this usage within the second or third trimester is associated with a higher risk of obesity in childhood [44,45] and with alterations in mother's gut microbiota, even at subtherapeutic or environmental exposure [46]. In our study concerning the bacteria assessed, no differences were found between women who received antibiotics during pregnancy and women that did not.…”

Does antimicrobial use during pregnancy impact excess weight in early childhood? Findings from the 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study

“…Furthermore, a study conducted in China identi ed that the use of antibiotics during pregnancy was positively associated with the risk of obesity at ve years of age. Conversely, in a cohort of 43,435 Danish children, prenatal exposure to small-spectrum antimicrobials was not associated with overweight at ages 7 and 11 4 . Also, in a cohort of 53,320 children, the use of antibiotics during pregnancy was not associated with BMI-z in childhood at ve years of age 9 .…”

“…Studies have suggested that prenatal exposure to antimicrobials might be associated with the development of overweight and obesity during childhood 3,4,5 , although it is still unclear whether the association of maternal antimicrobial use during pregnancy with overweight and obesity during childhood is causal.…”

Is Atopic Dermatitis Only a Skin Disease?

“…Sleeplessness and social shame caused by disfiguring skin lesions may contribute to the development of conditions such as depression and anxiety among AD patients [14][15][16]. Positively associated with AD and food allergy but also obesity was prenatal and early life antibiotic exposure [17][18][19][20]. AD is also linked to an increased incidence of eating disorders, with bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder being the most prevalent [21].…”