Is Atopic Dermatitis Only a Skin Disease?

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, pruritic, inflammatory dermatosis that imposes significant patient and population burdens. In addition to the cutaneous signs and symptoms, growing evidence suggests that AD is systemic in nature. Certain diseases can possibly co-occur with AD as a result of coincidental exposure to similar environmental factors. However, it is also suspected that they are linked to the pathogenesis of AD through more complex genetic and immunological mechanisms, but these correlations remain less understood. It is of great need to seek explanations for the higher frequency of the number of cardiovascular, autoimmune, neurological, psychiatric, and metabolic disorders that have been observed in epidemiologic investigations among AD patients. Moreover, analysing the immunology of chronic inflammation and its correction, activation, or suppression may prevent the development of a variety of comorbidities. As comorbid diseases in patients diagnosed with AD may potentially go undetected, physicians should be aware of them.

How to Understand Personalized Medicine in Atopic Dermatitis Nowadays?

“…In addition, environmental factors, such as greater exposure to allergens, pollution, infection, cosmetics, and harsh detergents, in addition to the duration of breastfeeding as an infant, should be taken into account [21]. We have a wider knowledge on the increased co-occurrence of AD with some cardiovascular, metabolic, neurological, autoimmune, and psychiatric diseases, as documented in several observational studies [22]. Multiple explanations for each disease's higher co-occurrence with AD exist, beginning with shared risk factors and ending with complex genetic and immunological mechanisms [22].…”

“…We have a wider knowledge on the increased co-occurrence of AD with some cardiovascular, metabolic, neurological, autoimmune, and psychiatric diseases, as documented in several observational studies [22]. Multiple explanations for each disease's higher co-occurrence with AD exist, beginning with shared risk factors and ending with complex genetic and immunological mechanisms [22]. In this setting, there is an even greater need for efficient drugs to decrease inflammation.…”

Causal relationships between atopic dermatitis and psychiatric disorders: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study

“…However, certain questionnaires reported no significant disparity in ADHD scores between the AD group and control group [ 13 ]. Depression, suicidality, parental depression, and augmented antidepressant usage have been associated with AD [ 14 ], albeit some studies yield conflicting outcomes [ 15 ]. Given that both psychiatric disorders and AD encompass ambiguous and subtle onsets, and the associations delineated by prior research may partially stem from reverse causation and/or residual confounding effects commonly encountered in observational studies, disentangling the chronological sequence of onset and causality between these conditions poses a formidable challenge.…”

Yeast-Derived Nucleotides Enhance Fibroblast Migration and Proliferation and Provide Clinical Benefits in Atopic Dermatitis

“…Atopic dermatitis is a clinical syndrome that affects both people and animals, including dogs. Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) shares many similarities with atopic dermatitis in people because, in both cases, skin barrier impairment, cutaneous dysbiosis, and immunological dysfunction are key elements involved in its pathogenesis [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. CAD requires long-term management, combining topical and systemic therapies, which often results in a highly complex and expensive regime for pet owners [ 19 ].…”