Association Between Smoking and Serum GlycA and High‐Sensitivity C‐Reactive Protein Levels: The Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA‐Brasil)

Abstract

BackgroundInflammation is suggested to be a central feature of atherosclerosis, particularly among smokers. We studied whether inflammatory biomarkers GlycA and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein are associated with cigarette smoking.Methods and ResultsA total of 11 509 participants, 6774 from the MESA (Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) and 4735 from ELSA‐Brasil (The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health) were included. We evaluated the cross‐sectional association between multiple measures of smoking behavior and the inflammatory biomarkers, GlycA and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, using regression models adjusted for demographic, anthropometric, and clinical characteristics. Participants were 57.7±11.1 years old and 46.4% were men. Never, former, and current smokers comprised 51.7%, 34.0%, and 14.3% of the population, respectively. Multivariable‐adjusted mean absolute difference in GlycA levels (μmol/L) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were higher for former (4.1, 95% CI, 1.7–6.6 μmol/L) and current smokers (19.9, 95% CI, 16.6–23.2 μmol/L), compared with never smokers. Each 5‐unit increase in pack‐years of smoking was associated with higher GlycA levels among former (0.7, 95% CI, 0.3–1.1 μmol/L) and current smokers (1.6, 95% CI, 0.8–2.4 μmol/L). Among former smokers, each 5‐year increase in time since quitting smoking was associated with lower GlycA levels (−1.6, 95% CI, −2.4 to −0.8 μmol/L) and each 10‐unit increase in number of cigarettes/day was associated with higher GlycA among current smokers (2.8, 95% CI, 0.5–5.2 μmol/L). There were similar significant associations between all measures of smoking behavior, and both log‐transformed GlycA and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein.ConclusionsAcute and chronic exposure to tobacco smoking is associated with inflammation, as quantified by both GlycA and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein. These biomarkers may have utility for the study and regulation of novel and traditional tobacco products.

High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Predictive Value for Cardiovascular Disease: A Nested Case Control from Isfahan Cohort Study (ICS)

“…Our data suggested that smokers in the third hs-CRP quartile had increased chance of getting CVDs. This was consistent with other studies demonstrated a positive correlation between smoking and hs-CRP levels [27,28]. Results of Hung et al [28] study showed that in comparison with non-smokers, anyone who smokes in middle or high levels of hs-CRP had increased odds of coronary vasospasm and this finding suggested that smokers developed vasospasm at lower hs-CRP levels.…”

“…Results of Hung et al [28] study showed that in comparison with non-smokers, anyone who smokes in middle or high levels of hs-CRP had increased odds of coronary vasospasm and this finding suggested that smokers developed vasospasm at lower hs-CRP levels. Another cross-sectional study revealed that all aspects of smoking habits had significant association with hs-CRP biomarker [27]. Since it was proved that hs-CRP levels would be increased in smokers, several health care strategies should be done to decrease the prevalence of smoking in order to decline these two independent cardiovascular risk factors.…”

Title: Human Serum/Plasma Glycoprotein Analysis by 1H-NMR, an Emerging Method of Inflammatory Assessment

“…Kianoush et al studied the association between smoking and systemic inflammation (GlycA) in 11,509 participants from MESA and 'The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health' (ELSA-Brasil) cohorts. They found similar significant associations between different measures of smoking behavior and higher GlycA and hsCRP levels [134].…”

Genetic variants in FAM13A and IREB2 are associated with the susceptibility to COPD in a Chinese rural population: a case-control study

“…Smokers who were still smoking at the time of the interview were considered as current smokers, and those who had quit (for at least 30 days before the interview) were former smokers. 26 Pack-years were calculated in smokers by multiplying the average number of cigarettes smoked per day by the number of years of smoking and by dividing by 20 cigarettes/pack. Participants were classified as follows: 0, 0–20 and >20 pack-years.…”