Association Between Obesity and Cigarette Smoking: A Community-Based Study

Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed; Bashir, Abdelhafiz Ibrahim; Alreshidi, Yaser Quayed; Dirweesh, Ahmed; Al-hazimi, Awdah M.; Ahmed, Hussain Gadelkarim; Kamal, Ehab; Ahmed, Mohamed H.

doi:10.14740/jem378e

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…These results were consistent with those of a study conducted on Saudi adults. 15 These findings might be attributed to the fact that smoking is associated with decreased appetite. The study is primarily limited by having a larger sample of female participants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of overweight/obesity and associated factors in adults in Erbil, Iraq: A household survey

Shabu

2019

Zanco J. Med. Sci.

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Introduction Overweight and obesity involve abnormal or excessive fat accumulation and are considered a risk to health. A common measure of obesity is the Body Mass Index (BMI), which is obtained from dividing the weight of the individual (in kilograms) on the square of his or her height (in meters). A BMI equal or more than 25 is considered overweight, while a BMI of 30 and above is considered obese. A weight that is higher than what is regarded as a healthy weight for a given height is considered overweight or obese. 1 Globally, overweight and obesity are considered to be the 5th leading risk for deaths, 2 with an estimation of 2.8 million annual deaths among adults. 3 Overweight and obesity are wellrecognized risk factors for increasing the prevalence of different chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. The estimated number of overweight adults in the world, according to a recent report, was 2.1 billion in 2013, compared to 857 million in 1980. 4 According to WHO, the prevalence of obesity worldwide has nearly tripled since 1975. In 2016, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in adults aging eighteen years and over was 39% and 13% respectively. Overweight and obesity are responsible for more deaths than underweight in countries where most of the overweight and obese people live. 5 Background and objective: Overweight and obesity are important risk factors for the development of some important chronic diseases and are, thus, considered leading risks for deaths. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of overweight and obesity with their associated risk factors in the adult population. Methods: A household cross-sectional survey was carried out in Erbil city, Iraq from April to June 2017. The study involved 1480 adults selected through a multi-stage sampling method. A specially designed questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and other relevant data from the participants through direct interview. The height and weight were measured for all participants. Results: The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 74.3% (33.4% overweight and 40.9% obese). There was a statistically significant association between being overweight and obese and older age groups, female gender, being married, low level of education, unemployment, not smoking, and not performing physical exercises. Following a multivariate analysis age (OR = 2.36, 95% CI = 1.60-3.49), female gender (OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.53-3.08), and married status (OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.20-2.90) were found to be statistically significant factors associated with overweight and obesity. Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the adult population in Erbil city is very high. This alarming epidemic requires serious consideration of the health policymakers and public health specialists to plan effective and preventive and control measures. Health education is one way through which people's awareness of this important health issue could be raised.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of overweight/obesity and associated factors in adults in Erbil, Iraq: A household survey

Shabu

2019

Zanco J. Med. Sci.

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“…16 Last epidemiological findings support a favorable relation between maternal smoking exposure and raised risk of obese or overweight offspring. 5,17 Studies report a relationship between maternal smoking in pregnancy period and risk of overweight children at least. Analyzes show that the early influence of maternal smoking on the prevalence of overweight children at age 2 or 3 years is high-risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evaluating epidemiological data supports a favorable relation between maternal smoking exposure and a raised risk of obese or overweight offsprings. 5,17,18 Over the past decade, there have been a large number of studies investigating the possible relationship between paternal/…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of maternal smoke exposure and childhood obesity: A cross-sectional study

Göney

Gazeloğlu

2020

J Res Clin Med

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Introduction: Recent studies suggest that smoking exposure in pregnancy period might be a risk agent for childhood overweight and obesity. We examined associations between maternal smoking in pregnancy period and children's weight and the possible obesogenic effects of maternal smoking. Methods: The present study was designed as a cross-sectional analysis of a survey. A 31-question survey was administered to mothers to learn the nutrition and smoking habits in Turkey from January to March 2020. Also, a 25-question survey was administered to children to study their diet. Participants were classified as underweight, normal, overweight, or obese. The smoking status of mothers was also recorded. The data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: The research group consisted of 454 participants (227 mothers, M age = 38.73 ± 6.23 years and 227 children, M age = 10.39 ± 4.96 years). In this study, 60.3% of children were underweight, 27.9% normal, 8.8% overweight, and 2.9% obese. Overall, 6.3% of children had smoking exposure and were overweight, whereas 1.4% were obese. Our results show that the relationship between maternal smoke exposure and body mass index (BMI) was non-significant (P > 0.05). Children whose mothers did smoke in pregnancy period were at low risk for obesity (odds ratio [OR] = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.07, 6.11) compared with children whose mothers never smoke. Conclusion: In this study, we found that the BMI of children not increased with maternal smoking exposure. In future, taking into consideration the health of mother and child, new studies should be performed to investigate the relationship between maternal or paternal smoking exposure and childhood overweight or obesity.

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“…In our observations, the risk of obesity increased with use of ≥4 standard units of ethanol per day, having a clerical/ administrative work position (i.e., more sedentary employment), and exposure to various chemicals; whereas obesity rates were lower with more exposure to vibration and daily use of ≥10. Others have reported a negative correlation between tobacco use and body weight; smokers, especially more frequent tobacco users, are at lower risk of becoming obese, while cessation of smoking led to an increase in BMI [35][36][37][38][39]. The negative correlation between smoking and BMI may be the result of reduced appetite caused by nicotine [40], and that smoking impairs normal taste and olfactory functions that can suppress impact dietary intake [41,42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased prevalence of obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension with associated risk factors in a mine-based workforce, Democratic Republic of Congo

Mawaw

Yav

Mukuku³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background The burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is increasing rapidly in low- and middle-income countries, with the largest portion occurring in Africa. Results from earlier baseline measures on obesity, diabetes and hypertension (ODH) in the Tenke Fungurume Mining (TFM) workforce in 2010 showed high proportions of overweight, pre-diabetic and pre-hypertensive individuals, predicting an upward trend in the burden of ODH over time. The 2010 – 2015 longitudinal trends on ODH and related risk factors among the TFM workforce is presented herein, and projects the consequent burden of these diseases on the workforce by 2025 if an effective prevention program is not implemented. Methods A longitudinal, retrospective cohort study with 3-time intervals was conducted using occupational health records collected on all employees and contractors who had a pre-employment or follow up medical checkups covering the period between January 2010 and December 2015. Repeated paired t tests measured changes in mean values of quantitative risk factors, while a chi-square test assessed changes in prevalence and categorical risk factors over time. A linear projection model was used to predict the consequent morbidity of ODH for the subsequent 10 years up to 2025. Results Between 2010 and 2015, prevalence increased from 4.5% to 11.1% for obesity, 11.9% to 15.6% for diabetes, and 18.2% to 26.5% for hypertension. By 2025, provided no prevention program is implemented, prevalence is predicted to reach 25%, 24% and 42% respectively for obesity, diabetes and hypertension. Conclusion Without implementation of a comprehensive NCD prevention plan, the burden of ODH and other NCDs is predicted to increase dramatically in the TFM workforce. Alone or combined, NCDs have the potential to dramatically increase operational costs while decreasing productivity over time.

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Association Between Obesity and Cigarette Smoking: A Community-Based Study

Abstract: Background: Cigarettes smoking and obesity are major public health problems and leading causes of preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cigarettes smoking and body weight status among Northern Saudi subjects.

Cited by 25 publications

References 24 publications

Prevalence of overweight/obesity and associated factors in adults in Erbil, Iraq: A household survey

Prevalence of overweight/obesity and associated factors in adults in Erbil, Iraq: A household survey

Investigation of maternal smoke exposure and childhood obesity: A cross-sectional study

Increased prevalence of obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension with associated risk factors in a mine-based workforce, Democratic Republic of Congo

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