Abstract:Background and Purpose-It has been established that mitral annulus calcification (MAC) is an independent predictor of stroke, though a causative relationship was not proved, and that carotid artery atherosclerotic disease is also associated with stroke. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is an association between the presence of MAC and carotid artery atherosclerotic disease.
“…8,10) Consistent with the results of these 2 studies, we found a significant association between the presence of severe MAC and both carotid atheroma and stenosis > 60%. In the present The Wald value is equal to the "z statistic", which is used for testing the hypothesis of area.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 90%
“…In addition, carotid artery atherosclerotic disease has been found with high prevalence in elderly patients with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and DM. 13,14) The study of Adler, et al 8) was the first that showed a strong and significant association between the presence of MAC and carotid atherosclerosis. According to the results of their study, in the MAC group, MAC and age were the only independent predictors for carotid artery stenosis of ≥ 40%.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Our MAC criterium was an intense echo-producing structure ≥ 5 mm (severe MAC) located at the junction of the atrioventricular groove and posterior mitral valve leaflet on the parasternal long axis and apical 4-chamber views. 8,9) Carotid artery duplex sonography was performed with a 5-10 MHz transducer (Sonoline Antares, Siemens, Germany) and a 7.5 MHz transducer (Toshiba SSA-270 A, Japan). Carotid arteries were examined bilaterally.…”
SUMMARYIt remains controversial as to whether mitral annular calcification (MAC) is an independent predictor of stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is an association between the presence of MAC and stroke or whether MAC is one of the predictive factors of carotid atheroma and therefore is a secondary risk for stroke.Fifty-six patients who had MAC demonstrated by echocardiography underwent carotid artery duplex sonography and computed brain tomography with various causes were enrolled in the study. They were compared with 58 control patients without MAC. MAC was defined as a dense, localized, highly reflective area larger than 5 mm at the junction of the atrioventricular groove and posterior mitral valve leaflet. Carotid artery stenosis was defined as lumen diameter narrowing exceeding 60%. Cerebral ischemia was detected by spiral tomography and was classified as infarction and lacunae.A significant association was found between the presence of MAC and carotid atheroma (P = 0.011), MAC and hyperechogen plaque (P = 0.034), and MAC and stenosis (P = 0.008). There was an association between the presence of carotid atheroma and cerebral infarction (P = 0.007). Logistic regression analysis revealed hypertension and diabetes mellitus were independent risk factors (P = 0.030, P = 0.034, respectively) for developing carotid atheroma. MAC was an independent factor for carotid stenosis (P = 0.029).MAC may not be a significant causative factor for stroke, but may be a secondary risk factor. A significant association between the presence of MAC and carotid artery atherosclerotic disease may explain the high prevalence of stroke in patients with MAC. (Jpn Heart J 2004; 45: 999-1005)
“…8,10) Consistent with the results of these 2 studies, we found a significant association between the presence of severe MAC and both carotid atheroma and stenosis > 60%. In the present The Wald value is equal to the "z statistic", which is used for testing the hypothesis of area.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 90%
“…In addition, carotid artery atherosclerotic disease has been found with high prevalence in elderly patients with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and DM. 13,14) The study of Adler, et al 8) was the first that showed a strong and significant association between the presence of MAC and carotid atherosclerosis. According to the results of their study, in the MAC group, MAC and age were the only independent predictors for carotid artery stenosis of ≥ 40%.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Our MAC criterium was an intense echo-producing structure ≥ 5 mm (severe MAC) located at the junction of the atrioventricular groove and posterior mitral valve leaflet on the parasternal long axis and apical 4-chamber views. 8,9) Carotid artery duplex sonography was performed with a 5-10 MHz transducer (Sonoline Antares, Siemens, Germany) and a 7.5 MHz transducer (Toshiba SSA-270 A, Japan). Carotid arteries were examined bilaterally.…”
SUMMARYIt remains controversial as to whether mitral annular calcification (MAC) is an independent predictor of stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is an association between the presence of MAC and stroke or whether MAC is one of the predictive factors of carotid atheroma and therefore is a secondary risk for stroke.Fifty-six patients who had MAC demonstrated by echocardiography underwent carotid artery duplex sonography and computed brain tomography with various causes were enrolled in the study. They were compared with 58 control patients without MAC. MAC was defined as a dense, localized, highly reflective area larger than 5 mm at the junction of the atrioventricular groove and posterior mitral valve leaflet. Carotid artery stenosis was defined as lumen diameter narrowing exceeding 60%. Cerebral ischemia was detected by spiral tomography and was classified as infarction and lacunae.A significant association was found between the presence of MAC and carotid atheroma (P = 0.011), MAC and hyperechogen plaque (P = 0.034), and MAC and stenosis (P = 0.008). There was an association between the presence of carotid atheroma and cerebral infarction (P = 0.007). Logistic regression analysis revealed hypertension and diabetes mellitus were independent risk factors (P = 0.030, P = 0.034, respectively) for developing carotid atheroma. MAC was an independent factor for carotid stenosis (P = 0.029).MAC may not be a significant causative factor for stroke, but may be a secondary risk factor. A significant association between the presence of MAC and carotid artery atherosclerotic disease may explain the high prevalence of stroke in patients with MAC. (Jpn Heart J 2004; 45: 999-1005)
“…[4][5][6][7][8] Also, in recent studies, a close relationship has been established between MAC and carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) or coronary artery disease (CAD). [9][10][11] In view of these reports, it has been suggested that MAC is a manifestation of diffuse atherosclerosis of the vascular system. In patients with MAC, cardiovascular risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus are also common, which lends further support to this hypothesis.…”
SUMMARYIt has been suggested that mitral annular calcification (MAC) may be a manifestation of generalized atherosclerosis. However, how the incidence and extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) are affected by the coexistence of carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) in patients with versus without MAC have not yet been studied.We studied 101 patients with echocardiographic MAC and 52 controls without MAC to investigate the clinical impact of CAS on the frequency and severity (defined as the number of obstructed vessels) of CAD in patients with MAC. Carotid Doppler ultrasonographic examination was performed on all patients before coronary angiography. In patients with both MAC and CAS, the incidences of CAD and multivessel disease (≥ 2 vessel or left main coronary artery disease) were significantly higher than in the control group with CAS alone (91% versus 68%, P = 0.008 and 76% versus 44%, P = 0.004, respectively). On the other hand, among study and control patients without CAS, although the frequencies of CAD and multivessel disease were higher in patients with MAC, interestingly, the differences were not statistically significant (37% versus 58% and 15% versus 26%, respectively, P > 0.05 for both). Stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that CAS (P < 0.001), MAC (P < 0.01) and, to a limited extent hypertension (P = 0.054), were independent predictors for the presence of CAD.In conclusion, the coexistence of CAS is more important in patients with MAC than in those without as it provides valuable information about the incidence and severity of underlying CAD. In cases with MAC but without CAS, MAC could be caused by factors other than atherosclerosis. (Jpn Heart J 2004; 45: 603-611)
“…While some investigators were finding that subjects with MAC had a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, increased BMI and smoking (31), others found no association between MAC, and diabetes and hyperlipidemia (32). Whereas, some researchers found significant relationships with CAD but not with smoking and gender (33). These differences with our study may be explained by (1) considerably younger population of our study than that seen in other studies, thus, some cardiac risk factors such as diabetes and hypercholesterolemia may not be overt at the time of study, (2) exclusion of patients from our study with renal failure, atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, valvular disease, cerebrovascular disease and those with a BMI over 30 kg/m 2 , most of which were not excluded in most studies.…”
Objective: The aim of the present study was to study time indices of heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with mitral annular calcification (MAC). Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was performed. Fifty patients with echocardiographic evidence of MAC and 50 age-and gender-matched control subjects without echocardiographic evidence of MAC were included. All the study participants underwent 2-dimensional echocardiographic examinations and 24-hour Holter monitoring for HRV analysis. Student-t, Mann-Whitney U and Chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: Hypertension and coronary artery disease were more common in the MAC group than in the control group. All HRV parameters including mean RR interval, SDNN, SDANN, SDNN index, pNN50 and RMSSD were reduced in the MAC group when compared with the control group (p<0.05 for all). In hypertensive subgroup, all HRV parameters except mean RR interval were diminished in patients with MAC when compared with those without MAC (p<0.05 for all). In non-hypertensive subgroup, all HRV parameters were also diminished in patients with MAC when compared with those without MAC. In the subgroup of patients with coronary artery disease, patients had lower HRV parameters except mean RR interval, pNN50 and RMSSD in comparison to those without MAC (p<0.05 for all). In the subgroup of patients without coronary artery disease, all HRV parameters were depressed in patients with MAC in comparison to those without MAC (p<0.05 for all). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that MAC was associated with reduced heart rate variability which possibly reflects decreased parasympathetic tone with a predominant activity of the sympathetic tone. (Anadolu Kardiyol Derg 2013; 13: 668-74) Key words: Mitral annular calcification, heart rate variability, autonomic dysfunction
Original Investigation Özgün Araşt›rma 668ÖZET Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı mitral annüler kalsifikasyonu (MAK) olan hastalarda kalp hızı değişkenliği (KHD) parametrelerini incelemektir. Yöntemler: Çalışma enine kesitli gözlemsel amaçlı planlandı. Ekokardiyografik olarak MAK tespit edilmiş 50 hasta ile MAK'ı olmayan 50 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Tüm hastalara iki boyutlu transtorasik ekokardiyografi ve KHD analizi için 24 saatlik Holter monitorizasyonu uygulandı. İstatistiksel analiz için Student-t, Mann-Whitney U ve Ki-kare testleri kullanıldı. Bulgular: Hipertansiyon ve koroner arter hastalığı MAK grubunda kontrol grubuna göre daha yüksekti. Ortalama RR süresi, SDNN, SDANN, SDNN indeksi, pNN50 ve RMSSD'yi içeren tüm HRV parametreleri MAK grubunda kontrol grubuna göre azalmış saptandı (p<0,05). Hipertansiyon alt grubunda, ortalama RR süresi dışında diğer tüm HRV parametreleri MAK'lı hastalarda MAK'ı olmayanlara göre azalmış saptandı. Hipertansiyon olmayan hasta alt grubunda ise, tüm HRV parametreleri MAK'lı hastalarda MAK'ı olmayanlara göre yine azalmış saptandı (p<0,05). Koroner arter hastalığı olan hastaların alt grubunda, ortalama RR süresi, pNN50 ve RMSSD dışında tüm HRV parametreleri MAK'lı has...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.