Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and the Presence of Kidney Stones in a Screened Population

Prevalence of kidney stones and associated risk factors in the Shunyi District of Beijing

“…disease, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. [5][6][7][8][9] This results in a heavy economic and social burden. 10,11 An appropriate prevention strategy is urgently needed to reduce the prevalence and health care costs that arise from the condition.…”

Metabolic syndrome and common urological conditions: looking beyond the obvious

“…The exact mechanism for this association is not fully understood, but it is postulated that metabolic syndrome is associated with changes in the urine, including lowering of pH, decreased excretion of citrate and increased excretion of calcium and uric acid, leading to increased risk of uric acid and calcium stone formation. 23 By contrast with observational findings, there is no strong evidence for causal associations between uric acid and ischaemic heart disease or blood pressure. 24 However, evidence supports a causal effect between body mass index and uric acid level and hyperuricaemia.…”

Dietary and Lifestyle Factors and its Risk to Kidney Stone Disease: A Case Control Study at UKM Medical Centre

“…This condition can contribute to the formation of uric acid stones and calcium stones (Cameron et al 2006). In addition, the simultaneous occurrence of the metabolic syndrome, hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, hypertension and obesity show a high-risk ratio for the prevalence of kidney stone disease (Jeong et al 2011). This study also revealed that obesity indices including high BMI, waist and hip circumferences increased the risk of KSD in univariate analysis but the findings were not significant in the multivariate model, probably due to the small sample size.…”

“…Other factors include epidemiology, biochemical and also genetic factors (Abbagani et al 2010). Metabolic syndrome and obesity have also been indicated as the cause of KSD (Inci et al 2012;Jeong et al 2011). In terms of lifestyle factors, physical activity has been shown to reduce the risk of KSD by 31% (Sorenson et al 2014).…”