Association between Herpes Simplex virus type 2 (HSV 2) and bad obstetric outcomes

Abstract

Introduction: HSV is a common human pathogen that lead to lifelong latent infection. Maternal infections may be associate with transmission to the fetus. The risk factors associated with HSV 2 seropositivity in pregnant women in Iraq are not well studied. Aim: The present study conducted to verify the prevalence of HSV 2 infections in women with bad obstetric history (BOH) in Kirkuk Governorate. Material and Methods: HSV 2 seropositivity among women aged 14 to 48 years was investigated by determination of HSV 2 IgG and IgM in a prospective, case control descriptive study. Results: The overall HSV 2 seroprevalence was 29.9%, with a non significant difference between women with BOH and women with normal pregnancy. HSV 2 IgM, as an indicator of current infection was demonstrated in 2% of the studied population, and was significantly (P= 0.002) higher in women with BOH compared to women with normal pregnancy. Both HSV 2 IgG and IgM were significantly varied with age groups, with trends of increasing with older ages. HSV 2 IgG was statistically significantly higher in working women (P=0.03) as compared to housewife. Conclusions: Significant association was found between HSV 2 seroprevalence and education levels, residence, smoking and animal exposure. Presence of pregnancy in women with HSV-2 latent infection was a risk factor for development of BOH.

Seroprevalence and Molecular Detection of Herpes Simplex Virus Type-2 (HSV-2) among People living with HIV/AIDS in Northwestern, Nigeria

“…The variation may be due to differences in sexual behavior or socio-demographic characteristics of the study population [17]. On the other hand, the lower prevalence was also reported in similar studies [8, 14,23]. This can be supported by the fact that HIV-1 infected individuals were more exposed to HSV-2 than other populations [22].…”

Seroprevalence and risk factors of herpes simplex virus type 2 among pregnant women in Dhamar city, Yemen

“…This finding similar to some studies. 21,41,42 While other studies found increases in the infection with the level of education by (17), studies show high seroprevalence increased with education women. 10 However, 3,14,23 found no significant between education level and HSV-2 seropositivity.…”

“…25 The seroprevalence of HSV-2 IgG was found statistically significantly associated with the occupation of the mother. 14,17,42 However, 21,23,43 found no significant between occupation and HSV-2 seropositivity.…”

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“…Infections are implicated as an important cause of bad pregnancy outcomes [3,4]. Recent studies in Iraq suggest that Toxoplasma gondi, Cytomegalovirus, Rubella virus, and Herpes Simplex Virus infections were with positive association with BOH [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. In addition, abnormal immunological responses may play a role in the pathogenesis of bad pregnancy outcomes [15,16].…”