Association between demographic and radiographic characteristics of the schneiderian membrane and periapical and periodontal diseases using cone-beam computed tomography scanning: A retrospective study

Abstract

Background. This study was undertaken to assess the pathological and spatial associations between periapical and periodontal diseases of the maxillary first molars and thickening of maxillary sinus mucosa with cone-beam computed tomography. Methods. A total of 132 CBCT images of subjects 20‒60 years of age were evaluated retrospectively. The patients' sex and age and demographic and pathologic findings of the maxillary sinus in the first molar area were recorded, graded and analyzed. Results. Approximately 59% of patients were male and 41% were female, with no significant difference in the thickness of schneiderian membrane between males and females. Based on the periapical index scoring, the highest frequency was detected in group 1. Based on the results of ANOVA, there were no significant differences in the frequencies of endodontic‒periodontal lesions and an increase in schneiderian membrane thickness. There were significant relationships between periapical and periodontal infections (P<0.001) and schneiderian membrane thickness. Furthermore, a significant relationship was detected between the thickness of the schneiderian membrane and the distance between the sinus floor and the root apices (P=0.38). Conclusion. A retrospective inspection of CBCT imaging revealed that periapical lesions and periodontal infections in the posterior area of the maxilla were associated with thickening of the schneiderian membrane. In addition, there was a significant relationship between the location of maxillary posterior teeth, i.e. the thickness of bone from the root apex to the maxillary sinus floor, and schneiderian membrane thickness.

Effects of clinical local factors on thickness and morphology of Schneiderian membrane: A retrospective clinical study

“…Contradictory, no significant difference of thickness of Schneiderian membrane between genders was also reported by other authors. 23,25 In this study, the most frequently detected membrane abnormality was flat-type thickening (21% of the CBCT scans 26,27 Similar to the previous study, mesiobuccal root apexes of the second molar were frequently penetrating the sinus floor. 26 It should be mentioned that an association between the prevalence of maxillary sinus mucosal thickening and the anatomical relationship between the sinus floor and posterior teeth root apexes was previously reported.…”

“…23 Thickened sinus membrane was detected in more than half of CBCT scans evaluated (53%). Similar values of the mucosa thickness were indicated in the previous investigations with the range of the mean values between 1.17 9 and 2.69 mm.…”

“…Similar values of the mucosa thickness were indicated in the previous investigations with the range of the mean values between 1.17 9 and 2.69 mm. 23 Thickened sinus membrane was detected in more than half of CBCT scans evaluated (53%). These results are in line with the findings of other authors, who thickened Schneiderian membrane was 33%, 12 38%, 11 and up to 64% of CBCT scans.…”

“…10,12,23 Moreover, sinuses in relation to teeth that have severe bone loss (>50% of bone loss) showed three times more membrane thickening. Opposite to the present results, a significant association between the mucosal thickening and PBL was previously reported.…”

“…Contradictory, no significant difference of thickness of Schneiderian membrane between genders was also reported by other authors. 8,23 In particular, thickened maxillary sinus mucosa (≥2 mm) was found in 45.8% of the cases where the root tips were in a close proximity with the sinus floor and in 46.8% of the cases where root tips were inside the sinus floor. 8,23 In particular, thickened maxillary sinus mucosa (≥2 mm) was found in 45.8% of the cases where the root tips were in a close proximity with the sinus floor and in 46.8% of the cases where root tips were inside the sinus floor.…”