As a co-receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) plays an important role in angiogenesis and malignant progression of many human cancers. However, the role of NRP-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not well understood. The study aimed to detected the expression of Neuropilin-1 in HCC and investigate the association between its expression and the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of HCC. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blot, Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses were performed to characterize the expression of NRP-1 in HCC cell lines and tissues. The association of NRP-1 expression with the clinicopathological characteristics and the prognosis was subsequently assessed. qRT-PCR and Western blot assays revealed that the expression of NRP-1 in HCC was significantly increased relative to that of normal live cells and tissues (P < 0.05,and <0.001, respectively). In addition, high expression of NRP-1 was significantly associated with intrahepatic metastasis (P = 0.036), Edmondson grade (P = 0.007), TNM classification (P = 0.0031), and portal vein invasion (P = 0.004). Furthermore, the HCC patients with high NRP-1 expression had shorter overall survival (OS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS), whereas, patients with low NRP-1 expression had better OS and RFS (P = 0.0035, and 0.0048, respectively). These data indicate that NRP-1 expression may play an important role in the progression of HCC, and that high NRP-1 expression suggests unfavorable clinicopathological characteristics and survival in HCC patients.
Biomass is an important indicator for evaluating crops. The rapid, accurate and nondestructive monitoring of biomass is the key to smart agriculture and precision agriculture. Traditional detection methods are based on destructive measurements. Although satellite remote sensing, manned airborne equipment, and vehicle-mounted equipment can nondestructively collect measurements, they are limited by low accuracy, poor flexibility, and high cost. As nondestructive remote sensing equipment with high precision, high flexibility, and low-cost, unmanned aerial systems (UAS) have been widely used to monitor crop biomass. In this review, UAS platforms and sensors, biomass indices, and data analysis methods are presented. The improvements of UAS in monitoring crop biomass in recent years are introduced, and multisensor fusion, multi-index fusion, the consideration of features not directly related to monitoring biomass, the adoption of advanced algorithms and the use of low-cost sensors are reviewed to highlight the potential for monitoring crop biomass with UAS. Considering the progress made to solve this type of problem, we also suggest some directions for future research. Furthermore, it is expected that the challenge of UAS promotion will be overcome in the future, which is conducive to the realization of smart agriculture and precision agriculture.
PurposeAim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of gingival recession and related factors in teeth with low occlusal function (open bite and infraversion) after orthodontic treatment.MethodsFrom January 2014 to December 2017, 403 patients received orthodontic treatment. Their gingival recession and related factors before and after treatment were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThe prevalence of gingival recession in patients with infraversion and open bite after orthodontic treatment were 80.6 and 75.0%, respectively; these values were 43.4 and 47.5% before treatment, respectively. Notably, the Miller index of gingival recession increased after orthodontic treatment (P < 0.05). The risk of gingival recession in patients with infraversion or open bite after orthodontic treatment was remarkably higher than the risk in other patients (odds ratio [OR] = 16.712 and 5.073, respectively); the gingival recession rate was related to treatment with tooth extraction (OR = 2.043), as well as gingival biotype (OR = 0.341) and gingival index (GI) before orthodontic treatment (OR = 97.404; P < 0.05).ConclusionsPatients with these two types of low occlusal function are more likely to exhibit gingival recession after orthodontic treatment. Moreover, the prevalence of gingival recession after orthodontic treatment is higher among patients who have undergone tooth extraction during orthodontic treatment, and among those who exhibit thin gingival biotype and high gingival index before orthodontic treatment.
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