Assessment of the risk of infectious aerosols leaking to the environment from BSL-3 laboratory HEPA air filtration systems using model bacterial aerosols

Wen, Zhiyuan; Yang, Wenhui; Li, Na; Wang, Jie; Hu, Lingfei; Li, Jinsong; Yin, Zhe; Zhang, Ke; Xiao, Dong

doi:10.1016/j.partic.2012.11.009

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Based on these observations, the results of the operational decay test showed the performance of the air purifier itself by correcting the natural decay rate. The efficiency of the air purifier on the removal of S. epidermidis was found to be similar to that reported by Wen et al (2014), where S. marcescens was effectively filtered by a HEPA filter under the laboratory test unit. Before injecting the microbial samples into the chamber, the internal air in the chamber was cleaned and sterilized.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…In addition, the indoor installation of an air purifier can significantly reduce airborne bacteria, molds, and mycobacteria. Wen et al (2014) evaluated the filtration efficiency of a HEPA filter in a biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) laboratory using the aerosolized bacteria, Serratia marcescens, and reported the effective performance of the HEPA filter against these aerosolized bacteria. Moreover, Foarde (2010) used the single-pass method in a chamber filter to evaluate the collection efficiency of filters and the removal of non-biological particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of air purifier on efficient removal of airborne bacteria, Staphylococcus epidermidis, using single-chamber method

Lee

Kim

Cho³

et al. 2019

Environ Monit Assess

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We evaluated the efficiency of an air purifier using the single-chamber method for the effective removal of airborne Staphylococcus epidermidis, a nosocomial infection-causing bacterium. In this experiment, the bacterial strain S. epidermidis was injected using a nebulizer into the test chamber, which was similar to a consumer living space (60 m 3 ). The microbial sampling was conducted via the air sampler method, and the reduction in S. epidermidis growth was monitored by performing three consecutive tests. Initially, a blank test was conducted to determine the natural decay rate and calibrate the experimental setup. After injecting the bacterial strain from 1240 to 11180 CFU per unit volume (m 3 ), the natural decay rate showed a maximum deviation of 3.1% with a sampling error of 1.1% p at a confidence level of 95%. In addition, the particle size distribution in the test chamber was found to range from 0.3 to 5.0 μm, and a subsequent decrease in large-sized particles was observed with the operation of the air purifier, which is the size similar to that of suspended airborne bacteria. This can be used to assess the performance of the air purifier by calibrating the natural reduction value to the reduced operation value. Thus, the single-chamber technique is a promising approach for analyzing the removal efficacy of airborne bacteria from indoor air.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of air purifier on efficient removal of airborne bacteria, Staphylococcus epidermidis, using single-chamber method

Lee

Kim

Cho³

et al. 2019

Environ Monit Assess

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“…[ 60 ] They can effectively reduce the infected aerosols in a single space. [ 61 62 63 ] They can be ceiling-mounted or portable in nature. Re-circulation of all of the air in the office is desirable for effective filtration, with minimum 2 ACH.…”

Section: P Revention S Trategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) transmission through aerosols in restorative and endodontic practice: Strategies for prevention

Raut¹,

Meshram

Raut

2022

Ann Afr Med

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Rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in several countries of the world has created a state of public health emergency. COVID-19 is principally a respiratory disease, and the virus is present in respiratory secretions. Oral health-care professionals are susceptible to being infected with the disease since they work in close proximity to patient's face and oral cavity for long period of time. Restorative dentists and endodontists play a significant role in delivering “urgent” or “emergency” dental care to patients. Occupational Safety and Health Administration has categorized dentists performing aerosol-generating treatment procedures at “very high exposure risk” whereas the dentists not performing aerosol-generating procedures at “high exposure risk.” Most of the restorative and endodontic treatment procedures involve generation of aerosols. Owing to the possibility of transmission of virus through aerosols, these procedures may transmit the disease to clinician or other patients. A comprehensive search of literature was conducted with the help of PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus databases using a combination of terms, “COVID-19,” “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,” “aerosols,” “restorative dentistry,” and “endodontics.” Along with universal precautions, some additional precautions need to be taken to prevent such transmission and cross-infection. This article reviews the research evidence about the role of aerosols in the transmission of COVID-19 and various measures which should be implemented during restorative and endodontic practice for the prevention of such transmission.

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“…Long et al [16] carried out a biosafety risk assessment and control of laboratory tests, except for nucleic acid tests, in the clinical laboratory of a COVID-19-designated hospital, emphasizing the high risk of bioaerosol transmission. Wen [17] used Serratia marcescens in a biosafety laboratory as a replacement for high-risk microbes and simulated experimental operations such as pipetting and high-speed centrifugation. The aerosol concentration generated in each experimental activity was quantitatively analyzed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three Experimental Common High-Risk Procedures: Emission Characteristics Identification and Source Intensity Estimation in Biosafety Laboratory

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Biosafety laboratory is an important place to study high-risk microbes. In biosafety laboratories, with the outbreak of infectious diseases such as COVID-19, experimental activities have become increasingly frequent, and the risk of exposure to bioaerosols has increased. To explore the exposure risk of biosafety laboratories, the intensity and emission characteristics of laboratory risk factors were investigated. In this study, high-risk microbe samples were substituted with Serratia marcescens as the model bacteria. The resulting concentration and particle size segregation of the bioaerosol produced by three experimental procedures (spill, injection, and sample drop) were monitored, and the emission sources’ intensity were quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that the aerosol concentration produced by injection and sample drop was 103 CFU/m3, and that by sample spill was 102 CFU/m3. The particle size of bioaerosol is mainly segregated in the range of 3.3–4.7 μm. There are significant differences in the influence of risk factors on source intensity. The intensity of sample spill, injection, and sample drop source is 3.6 CFU/s, 78.2 CFU/s, and 664 CFU/s. This study could provide suggestions for risk assessment of experimental operation procedures and experimental personnel protection.

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Assessment of the risk of infectious aerosols leaking to the environment from BSL-3 laboratory HEPA air filtration systems using model bacterial aerosols

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Assessment of air purifier on efficient removal of airborne bacteria, Staphylococcus epidermidis, using single-chamber method

Assessment of air purifier on efficient removal of airborne bacteria, Staphylococcus epidermidis, using single-chamber method

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) transmission through aerosols in restorative and endodontic practice: Strategies for prevention

Three Experimental Common High-Risk Procedures: Emission Characteristics Identification and Source Intensity Estimation in Biosafety Laboratory

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