Assessment of the possibility of the application of a CrN+OX multi-layer coating to mitigate the development of fretting wear in a press-fit joint

Kowalski, Sławomir

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2017.11.018

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The assumed distribution of the load on the wheel set may be simulated at a fatigue testing machine, whose structure is presented in Kowalski. 14 The machine structure makes it possible to obtain a periodically variable load with pure bending of a rotating model.…”

Section: Test Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the application of ZrN coatings for the mitigation of the development of fretting wear processes at the surfaces of push fit joint elements

Kowalski

Cygnar

Cieślikowski³

2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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The purpose of this article is to assess the influence of a ZrN coating on the development of fretting wear in a model of a wheel/axle push fit joint in a rail vehicle. The examinations of the fretting wear process in rail vehicle wheel sets were conducted on two groups of models consisting of a shaft and sleeve connected by means of a push-fit joint, in compliance with the rules for the representation of the real condition. Wear tests of a joint loaded with a vertical force were conducted on a fatigue testing machine permitting oscillatory tangential displacement, which is responsible for the development of fretting wear. Uncoated shafts were the first model, and shafts coated with a ZrN coating were the second one. The tolerance was 0.02 mm, the model loading force was 550 N and the number of fatigue cycles was 7 × 106. The destruction of models was evaluated in, for example, the computer image analysis process with the use of the Image Pro Plus 7.0 software. Macroscopic observations showed wear traces for both model groups. In the first group, wear traces were observed on either side of the axle seat, and those traces had the form of a 2–3 mm wide ring comprising the entire shaft circumference. The random location of the traces of wear was observed in the second model. The microscopic observations of the destruction areas demonstrated mainly the presence of material build-ups, the local surface abrasion and micropits. The analysis of the chemical composition of material build-ups showed the presence of iron and oxygen, a fact which confirms the shearing of the microirregularities of the sleeve top layer. Plastically deformed material build-ups become oxidised, hence the brown colour of the worn-out areas can be observed at the sample surface during macroscopic observations. The significant mitigation of fretting wear on samples with ZrN coatings has been demonstrated. This shows the need for fretting wear tests to be performed on a real object to confirm the scale of improvement of the life of forced-in joints, thus contributing to the higher reliability of rail vehicle wheel sets.

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Section: Test Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the application of ZrN coatings for the mitigation of the development of fretting wear processes at the surfaces of push fit joint elements

Kowalski

Cygnar

Cieślikowski³

2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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“…Scattered power industry, including the units applied in sewage treatment plants, reinforces energy security of the facility and increases the impact on the environment. Along with energy security, it is necessary to ensure the reliability of mechanical parts operating in difficult conditions or having a direct impact on safety, such as agitator systems in secondary settling tanks [20,21,22].The treatment of wastewater is not confined solely to energy-consuming processes, but it also offers a possibility to recover resources. This mainly involves the generation of energy and the production of energy carriers (biogas, biomethane, hydrogen) as well as the production of materials from wastewater (phosphorus for the production of fertilizers), which is becoming a factor that brings about a significant change in the way a sewage treatment plant operates [23,24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Effectiveness of Wastewater Treatment in Activated Sludge Technology with Biomass Recirculation

Ciuła

2022

Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment

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In the operation of a wastewater treatment plant, the key challenge for the operator is to obtain parameters of the treated wastewater required by relevant legal acts. Meeting these requirements is possible through the use of an appropriate technology and real-time automation of control and monitoring processes. The paper examines the results of laboratory tests of selected wastewater parameters in terms the content of organic substances and nutrients in order to determine the efficiency of wastewater treatment in a biological bioreactor using the sludge recirculation process. The performed analysis demonstrated that all levels involving the reduction of pollutants, concentrations and load are in compliance with the applicable legal requirements. Ensuring a continuous monitoring of the quality of treated wastewater and the optimization of this process is crucial for the aquatic environment and human health.

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“…Protective hard AlTiN coatings represent one of the most investigated coating systems as well as a common industrial standard for applications on cutting tools for dry and high-speed metal machining. The main interest in AlTiN, synthesized mainly by physical and chemical vapor deposition (PVD and CVD) techniques [1][2][3], resides in its superior oxidation resistance and high temperature hardness, compared to commonly used binary TiN and CrN coatings, which originates especially from the formation of beneficial Al 2 O 3 and the age hardening effect [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Pressure and Temperature on Microstructure of Self-Assembled Gradient AlxTi1−xN Coatings

et al. 2021

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The correlation between structural properties of Al-rich self-assembled nano-lamellar AlxTi1−xN coatings and process parameters used during their chemical vapor deposition (CVD) remains unexplored. For this article, two gradient AlxTi1−xN coatings were prepared by a stepwise increase in temperature and pressure in the ranges of 750–860 °C and 1.56 to 4.5 kPa during the depositions at a constant composition of the process gas mixture. The cross-sectional properties of the coatings were analyzed using X-ray nanodiffraction (CSnanoXRD) and electron microscopy. Experimental results indicate that the variation of the process parameters results in changes in microstructure, grain morphology, elastic strain, nanolamellae’s chemistry and bi-layer period. At temperatures of ~750–800 °C and pressures of 2.5–4.5 kPa, preferably cubic nanolamellar grains are formed, whose microstructure correlates with the build-up of tensile stresses, which become relaxed in coating regions filled with nanocrystalline grains. CSnanoXRD superlattice satellite reflections indicate the period of the cubic Al(Ti)N-Ti(Al)N bilayers, which changes from 6.7 to 9 nm due to the temperature increase from 750 to ~810 °C, while it remains nearly unaffected by the pressure variation. In summary, our study documents that CVD process parameters can be used to tune microstructural properties of self-assembled AlxTi1−xN nanolamellae as well as the coatings’ grain morphology.

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Assessment of the possibility of the application of a CrN+OX multi-layer coating to mitigate the development of fretting wear in a press-fit joint

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

Analysis of the application of ZrN coatings for the mitigation of the development of fretting wear processes at the surfaces of push fit joint elements

Analysis of the application of ZrN coatings for the mitigation of the development of fretting wear processes at the surfaces of push fit joint elements

Analysis of the Effectiveness of Wastewater Treatment in Activated Sludge Technology with Biomass Recirculation

Effect of Pressure and Temperature on Microstructure of Self-Assembled Gradient AlxTi1−xN Coatings

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