Assessment of the photosynthesis-related traits and high temperature resistance in tetraploid wheat (Triticum L.) genotypes

Abstract

The collection of 10 parental lines of tetraploid wheat genotypes with various origin was cultivated in growth chamber. Leaf and growth traits such as assimilation pigments content, dry mass and leaf area of plants were measured. The genotype differences were recognized by chlorophyll a fluorescence fast kinetics method applied on penultimate young wheat leaves. Consequently, heat stress susceptibility based on the exposure of whole plants in pots to air temperature of 42 o C for 6 hours was measured, too. Rapid chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics method gave us better knowledge about differences among tetraploid wheat genotypes collection comparing to classic assimilation pigments analyse. Genotypes with higher content of pigments did not always exhibit good resistance against heat stress. Using the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, the rating of genotypes based on photosynthetic performance as well as photosystem II (PSII) thermostability was done. We identified the genotypes TRG7 (Triticum turgidum subsp. turgidum, PI 384230, Ethiopia) and RONCAL (Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccon, TRI 17700, Spain) as the perspective donors of genes for better thermostability of photosynthetic apparatus in changed climate conditions and material into wheat efficiency breeding programs.Keywords: chlorophyll a fluorescence, heat stress, JIP-test, photosynthetic performance, photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic traits, tetraploid wheat genotypes Abstract in Slovak languageKolekcia 10 rodičovských línií tetraploidných pšeníc rôzneho pôvodu bola pestovaná v rastovej komore. Merané boli listové a rastové charakteristiky, obsah asimilačných pigmentov, suchá hmota a listová plocha rastlín. Zisťované boli aj genotypové .s -1 na úrovni listov. Po 6 týždňoch bol zisťovaný obsah asimilačných pigmentov, suchá hmota, listová plocha rastlín a merané vybrané parametre fotosyntézy aplikáciou fluorescenčnej techniky na nestresované rastliny. Následne boli rastliny podrobené teplote 42 o C v rastovej komore na svetle počas 6 hodín, závlahou a prechodným zvýšením vlhkosti vzduchu bolo zabránené dehydratácii listov. Následne boli mladé, plne vyvinuté predposledné listy (po predchádzajúcej 30 minútovej adaptácii na tmu pomocou klíps zadržiavajúcich svetlo) merané metódou rýchlej kinetiky fluorescencie chlorofylu a na. Indukčné krivky fluorescencie chlorofylu a boli získané pomocou prenosného fluorimetra Handy PEA (Plant Efficiency Analyser, Hansatech Instruments Ltd., Kings Lynn, UK). Takto získané rýchle fluorescenčné prechody (tranzity) boli analyzované tzv. JIP testom. Merané a počítané parametre JIP-testu sú zobrazené v tab. 1. Obsah chlorofylu je zvyčajne v korelácii s fotosyntetickou výkonnosťou a úrodovým potenciálom. Produkcia (tvorba) vysokej biomasy závisí od veľkosti listovej plochy a jej štruktúry, zahŕňajúc obsah chlorofylov, karotenoidov a ich funkčných prejavov. Podľa nameraných hodnôt koncentrácie pigmentov, suchej hmoty a listovej plochy rastlín v tab. 2 môžeme povedať, že genotypy ISP6 a TRG7 dosiahli v týchto para...

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