FILOVÁ ANGELIKA, SYTAR OKSANA, KRIVOSUDSKÁ ELEONÓRA: Eff ects of brassinosteroid on the induction of physiological changes in Helianthus annuus L. under copper stress. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 2013, LXI, No. 3, pp. 623-629 The purpose of our experiments was to consider sensitivity of the chosen 6 sunfl ower cultivars (Helianthus annuus L. cv. Belinda, cv. Codiwer, cv. ESPrim, cv. MAS 95, cv. MAS 97 and cv. Spirov) to copper ions with the possibility of elimination by means of brassinosteroids (BRs) on the ground of physiological characteristics (content of dry weight, amount of chlorophylls, proline content, Relative Water Content -RWC as well as malondialdehyde -MDA) and to show possible resistance mechanisms of this plant to copper ions. Lipid peroxidation (LP) is a biochemical marker for the free radical mediated injury. Character of changes in lipid peroxidation depends on intensity of infl uence stressor and from plant sensitivity. In leaves of experimental plants cultivars MAS 97 and SPIROV a er Cu treatment by concentration 5 mM the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) content has been increased on 11% and 30% respectively. The higher MDA content has been observed in leaves of cultivar ESPrim. In the other experimental variants under Cu treatment content of MDA was on control level which evidence about more less sensitivity these cultivars to Cu treatment. The combination of Cu + BRs has been shown MDA content in leaves of all experimental plants on control level which can evidence about protection eff ect of BRs under Cu treatment on the leaves of experimental cultivars of sunfl ower plants.
. The positive impact of Mg-Titanit on the content of the total chlorophyll was carried out by the increase of the amount of both assimilative pigments (chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b).Keywords: chlorophyll, fertilizer, titanium, winter wheat, winter rape impact of two doses of the fertilizer containing titanium, which were applied on two different crops (cereals and oil plants) during the growing season (in the first treatmentdouble application and in the second treatment -triple application) on total chlorophyll content in the leaves of winter wheat and winter rape. Materials and methodsThe dynamics of the content changes of the assimilative pigments after the application of the fertilizer Mg-Titanit (MGT) was studied in the field small-area trial carried out at the Haplic Chernozem (48° 42' N, 17° 70' E) during two years (2010 and 2011) with two crops (winter bread wheat and winter rape). The agrochemical parametres of the trial plots are given in the Table 1. They were determined by the following methods: N-NH 4 + -colorimertically by Nessler`s agent, N-NO 3 --colorimertically by the phenol 2.4 disulphonic acid, N an = N-NH 4 + + N-NO 3 -, Pcolorimertically (Mehlich III -Mehlich, 1984), K and Caflame photometry (Mehlich III -Mehlich, 1984), Mg -AAS (Mehlich III -Mehlich, 1984), C ox -oxidometrically (Ťjurin, 1966), N t -by distilling (Kjeldahl -Bremner, 1960), pH/ KCl -potentiometrically (1.0 mol.dm -3 KCl). The wheat and rape trials involved 5 variants. Var. 1: 0Ti -control, MGT unfertilized variant; var. 2: 2 × Ti 0.2 -spraying twice by MGT in the dose 0.2 l ha . The fertilizer Mg-Titanit contained 3 % magnesium, 4 % sulphur, and 8.5 g of titanium in 1 litre, where titanium was in the form of titanium ascorbate and sulphur and magnesium in the form of magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4 ). The fertilizer Mg-Titanit, which has been categorized as a biostimulator since 2013, was applied at two or three growth stages: at wheat in the phenophases BBCH 29, BBCH 32, BBCH 55; at rape in the phases BBCH 50 -52, BBCH 59, BBCH 66 -67. 14 to 21 days after the fertilizer application by spraying the samples of the youngest, fully developed sound leaves were analysed from both crops and the pigment contents were determined. The spectrophotometric method was used to determine the content of the assimilative pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids) in the acetonic extract. Extract was centrifuged 2 minutes at 2500 rpm. Absorbance (A) of the solution was measured by UV-VIS spectrophotometer (Jenway, UK), at 470 nm (carotenoids), 647 nm (chlorophyll b), and 663 nm (chlorophyll a), with correction for scattering at 750 nm; the measurements were done in three repetitions. The concentrations of chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b) and carotenoids (Car) in mg l -1 were determined by using the equations of Lichtenthaler (1987) Results and discussionThe pigment biosynthesis in plants is influenced by a whole range of external and internal factors. Apart from the genetic factors also the light, temperature, water ...
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