The article's purpose is to empirically substantiate the impact of human development (HC) on the sustainable development of Azerbaijan in current conditions. Using the principal component method, we have determined the components of HC (a factor of professional development, health status, availability of labor force, financial activation of human potential) and sustainable development (low-tech economic development, medium and high-tech economic, environmental, and social development. Regarding the assessment of the influence of the HC components on sustainable development in Azerbaijan, we used the methods of linear and non-linear regression models. A differentiated nature of the effect of the HC components on sustainable development has been established, depending on the state of health of the population, on the level of technological effectiveness of the economy. It has been substantiated that the driver of sustainable development is the qualitative rather than the quantitative component of HC.