BackgroundTo describe the prevalence of DSM-IV disorders and comorbidity in a large school-based sample of 6–17 year old children and adolescents in northeast China.MethodsA two-phase cross-sectional study was conducted on 9,806 children. During the screening phase, 8848 children (90.23%) and their mothers and teachers were interviewed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). During the diagnostic phase, 1129 children with a positive SDQ and 804 randomly selected children with a negative SDQ (11%), and their mothers and teachers, were interviewed using the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA).ResultsThe overall prevalence of DSM-IV disorders was 9.49% (95% CI = 8.10–11.10%). Anxiety disorders were the most common (6.06%, 95% CI = 4.92–7.40), followed by depression (1.32%, 95% CI = 0.91–1.92%), oppositional defiant disorder (1.21%, 95%CI = 0.77–1.87) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (0.84%, 95% CI = 0.52–1.36%). Of the 805 children with a psychiatric disorder, 15.2% had two or more comorbid disorders.ConclusionsApproximately one in ten Chinese school children has psychiatric disorders involving a level of distress or social impairment likely to warrant treatment. Prevention, early identification and treatment of these disorders are urgently needed and pose a serious challenge in China.

Objective To explore the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with cognitive training on executive function and activities of daily living performance among stroke patients. Methods A total of 50 subjects were enrolled and randomly allocated into 2 groups of 25 each. The real-transcranial direct current stimulation group was simultaneously subjected to transcranial direct current stimulation and cognitive training, while the sham-transcranial direct current stimulation group was simultaneously subjected to sham transcranial direct current stimulation and cognitive training. At baseline, and after treatment, each subject was assessed with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT), Digital Symbol Test (DST), Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADLs). Results After treatment, the gains in most indices of WCST, SCWT, DST, MMSE, MoCA and ADLs in the real-transcranial direct current stimulation group were significantly higher than those in the sham-transcranial direct current stimulation group ( p < 0.05). Nonetheless, no significant differences were noted in the gains in SCWT (including only Part A time and error, and Part B time) and activities of daily living (including only basic activities of daily living) between the 2 groups ( p > 0.05). Conclusion Transcranial direct current stimulation combined with cognitive training was found to significantly enhance executive function and instrumental activities of daily living performance among stroke patients. LAY ABSTRACT Executive function is the ability of an organization to plan and solve problems. The efficacy of use of a combination of transcranial direct current stimulation and cognitive training in the treatment of executive dysfunction among stroke patients remains undetermined. This is the first randomized controlled study of the effects of such treatment. The results indicate that a combination of transcranial direct current stimulation and cognitive training significantly enhances executive function and instrumental activities of daily living performance among stroke patients.

Anxiety and depression are common mental illnesses among nurses fighting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, the precise factors that affect anxiety and depression in this population require further evaluation. This study aimed to explore factors associated with anxiety and depression among nurses fighting COVID‐19 in China. We used convenience sampling to recruit 282 nurses fighting COVID‐19 in three hospitals. Participants were questioned about demographic characteristics, daily working time, daily sleep duration, sleep quality, anxiety, depression, resilience, and coping styles. Linear regression analysis indicated that resilience (β = −0.217, P < 0.001), positive coping style (β = −0.281, P < 0.001), negative coping style (β = 0.395, P < 0.001), and sleep quality (β = 0.153, P = 0.010) were predictive factors for anxiety, and the model explained 44.20% (P < 0.001) of variability. Resilience (β = −0.239, P < 0.001), positive coping style (β = −0.222, P < 0.001), negative coping style (β = 0.152, P < 0.001), and sleep quality (β = 0.104, P = 0.003) were identified as explanatory factors for depression, and the model explained 34.50% (P < 0.001) of variability. The present study suggested that resilience, coping styles, and sleep quality could account for an individual’s levels of anxiety and depression.

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DBT and US gave better detection rates and diagnostic accuracy for non-calcified DCIS compared with DM in all cases and in dense breasts. The detection rate of DBT was lower than that of US in all cases and in dense breasts. The diagnostic accuracy of DBT was slightly higher than that of US in all cases and in dense breasts, but the difference was not statistically significant. Imaging findings for non-calcified DCIS were relatively non-specific.