Predictive factors of anxiety and depression among nurses fighting coronavirus disease 2019 in China

Abstract

Anxiety and depression are common mental illnesses among nurses fighting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, the precise factors that affect anxiety and depression in this population require further evaluation. This study aimed to explore factors associated with anxiety and depression among nurses fighting COVID‐19 in China. We used convenience sampling to recruit 282 nurses fighting COVID‐19 in three hospitals. Participants were questioned about demographic characteristics, daily working time, daily sleep duration, sleep quality, anxiety, depression, resilience, and coping styles. Linear regression analysis indicated that resilience (β = −0.217, P < 0.001), positive coping style (β = −0.281, P < 0.001), negative coping style (β = 0.395, P < 0.001), and sleep quality (β = 0.153, P = 0.010) were predictive factors for anxiety, and the model explained 44.20% (P < 0.001) of variability. Resilience (β = −0.239, P < 0.001), positive coping style (β = −0.222, P < 0.001), negative coping style (β = 0.152, P < 0.001), and sleep quality (β = 0.104, P = 0.003) were identified as explanatory factors for depression, and the model explained 34.50% (P < 0.001) of variability. The present study suggested that resilience, coping styles, and sleep quality could account for an individual’s levels of anxiety and depression.

Healthcare worker resilience during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An integrative review

“…A total of 191 articles were screened for inclusion criteria between the two searches; 32 were selected for this review (Figure 1 ). The studies were conducted from countries worldwide, including China ( n = 11) (Cai et al, 2020 ; Hu et al, 2020 ; Huang et al, 2020 ; Leng et al, 2020 ; Li et al, 2020 ; Liang et al, 2020 ; Lin et al, 2020 ; Liu et al, 2020 ; Lyu et al, 2020 ; Ou et al, 2020 ; Pang et al, 2021 ), Italy ( n = 1) (Catania et al, 2020 ), Iran ( n = 2) (Afshari et al, 2021 ; Meybodi & Mohammadi, 2020 ), France ( n = 1) (Altmayer et al, 2020 ), Japan ( n = 1) (Awano et al, 2020 ), Saudi Arabia ( n = 1) (Balay‐odao et al, 2021 ), the United States, ( n = 3) (Barzilay et al, 2020 ; LoGuidice & Bartos, 2021 ; Resnick, 2020 ), Singapore ( n = 1) (Goh et al, 2020 ), India ( n = 2) (Jose et al, 2020 ; Nathiya et al, 2021 ), Turkey ( n = 3) (Kılınç & Çelik, 2020 ; Yıldırım et al, 2020 ; Yörük & Güler, 2020 ), the Philippines ( n = 1) (Labrague & de los Santos, 2020 ), Canada ( n = 1) (Lapum et al, 2020 ), Spain ( n = 2) (Lorente et al, 2020 ; Luceño‐Moreno et al, 2020 ), the United Kingdom ( n = 1) (Roberts et al, 2021 ) and Ethiopia ( n = 1) (Tsehay et al, 2020 ). A summary of the articles included in this integrative review and their results can be found in Table 1 .…”

“…Overall, resilience scores among frontline healthcare workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the studies reviewed were in the moderate range (CD‐RISC range = 35.54–92.77) (Afshari et al, 2021 ; Cai et al, 2020 ; Jose et al, 2020 ; Kilinc & Celik, 2020; Leng et al, 2020 ; Li et al, 2020 ; Lin et al, 2020 ; Lyu et al, 2020 ; Nathiya et al, 2021 ; Ou et al, 2020 ; Pang et al, 2021 ). In two studies conducted in Asia, physicians had higher resilience scores than nurses (Awano et al, 2020 ; Lin et al, 2020 ), and support staff had the highest resilience scores (mean = 73.48) compared with doctors (mean = 67.78) and nurses (mean = 64.86) (Lin et al, 2020 ).…”

“…Resilience scores had statistically significant ( p < 0.05 or smaller) inverse relationships with PTSD (Li et al, 2020 ; Luceño‐Moreno et al, 2020 ), anxiety (Awano et al, 2020 ; Barzilay et al, 2020 ; Hu et al, 2020 ; Labrague & de los Santos, 2020 ; Lin et al, 2020 ; Luceño‐Moreno et al, 2020 ; Pang et al, 2020; Roberts et al, 2020; Yıldırım et al, 2020 ) and depression (Awano et al, 2020 ; Barzilay et al, 2020 ; Hu et al, 2020 ; Lin et al, 2020 ; Luceño‐Moreno et al, 2020 ; Pang et al, 2021 ; Roberts et al, 2021 ; Yıldırım et al, 2020 ; Yörük & Güler, 2020 ). Roughly half of nurses reported moderate to high burnout, and those who had higher burnout scores reported lower resilience scores (Hu et al, 2020 ).…”

Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety in Nurses during the First Eleven Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Of the 40,489 nurses in studies where the percentage of men and women was specified, 95.81% (n = 38,792) were women. In fifteen of the studies [6,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38], the average age of respondents was determined by the mean, which ranged from 28.8 to 45.1 years; in the remaining studies [9,23,[39][40][41][42][43], the age distribution was described by categories. In one study [24], neither average age nor age categories was given.…”

Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Among Nurses During the COVID-19 Wave III: Results of a Cross-Sectional Assessment

“…18 Anxiety and depression were again reported among nurses in China whereas the three most important variables that accounted for depression, anxiety, and stress were resilience, coping styles, and sleep quality. 20 Similarly, a study from Portuguese demonstrated high depression and anxiety among nurses where physical activity, rest between shifts, and spending less time searching for information about COVID-19 were related to improved mental health. 21 Correspondingly, high depression, anxiety, and stress were also reported in nurses from Brazil and the authors highlighted the units in which nurses were working and less experience as important factors in developing depression, anxiety and stress.…”