Assessment of the concentration of selected metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9 and MMP-13) in patients with ulcers as a complication of type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Introduction Impaired chronic wound healing is a great challenge for modern medicine. This process causes ulceration especially in the course of diseases such as type II diabetes mellitus. Aim This study assesses the concentration of selected matrix metalloproteinases in the example of metalloproteinase 2, 3, 9, 13 in patients with impaired healing of chronic wounds as a complication of type 2 diabetes. Material and methods Nineteen people took part in the assessment of wound healing in patients with type 2 diabetes. The control group consisted of 21 healthy people. In the blood serum the concentration of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9 and MMP-13 was determined. Results The concentrations of MMP-2 and MMP-3 in the group of patients with ulcers were significantly higher (61% and 84% accordingly) compared to those in the control group without chronic wounds. No statistically significant differences in MMP-9 and MMP-13 concentrations were observed between the study and control groups. Conclusions The increase in MMP-2 concentration, which is particularly active in the degradation of type IV collagen, which is the main component of the basal membranes, in patients with type 2 diabetes may impede and delay the healing of chronic wounds and thus contribute to the intensification of vascular complications. In turn, the increase in MMP-3 concentration, which plays a significant role in vascular diseases, in patients with type 2 diabetes may lead to intensification of atherosclerotic changes involving the arteries of the lower extremities and ulceration.

Walnut fruit diaphragm ethanol extract ameliorates damage due to Triton WR‐1339‐induced hyperlipidemia in rats

“…[ 67 ] They play roles in collagen degradation, apoptosis processes, tissue continuity maintenance, and modulation of growth factor and cytokine function. [ 68 ] Induction of hyperlipidemia leads to an increase in free fatty acids, oxidative stress, and reactive oxygen species responsible for inflammation, resulting in the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. [ 69 ] In hyperlipidemic conditions, particularly with increased LDL, MMP‐9 levels rise, contributing to cardiovascular diseases by creating the base for atherosclerotic plaque formation.…”

Approaches to Control and Monitor Protease Levels in Chronic Wounds

“…measured the concentration of different MMPs in the blood serum of diabetic patients with ulcers and healthy people; MMP‐2 and ‐3 levels were significantly higher in diabetic patients, but there was no significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of MMP‐9 and ‐13 concentration. [ 69 ] Although Kuliczkowski and co‐workers reported a correlation between diabetes and MMP‐2 levels in patients’ plasma, their results showed no association between MMP‐9 and TIMP‐4 with diabetes. [ 70 ] It should be noted that even in the case of MMP‐2, the difference is not too high (≈30%).…”

Based on Clinical Research Matrix Metalloprotease (MMP) Inhibitors to Promote Diabetic Wound Healing

“…Hence, MMP and the non-classical proportion of CD16 ++ may serve as biomarkers for gauging the extent to which diabetic wound have healed. In addition, Kupczyk et al (2020) discovered that people with diabetes and ulcer had noticeably greater blood levels of MMP-2 and MMP-3 than the control group, which may contribute to the slow healing of chronic wounds and the worsening of vascular problems 46 . In a previous study, a correlation was found between the levels of MMP-9 and NF-κB p65 in diabetic wounds.…”