“…This framework and research tradition has been informative within the comparative literature as well. A number of nonhuman animal species have demonstrated variable levels of success on Piaget's tasks for object permanence, including chimpanzees (Call, 2001;Mathieu, Daudelin, Dagenais, & Decarie, 1980;Wood, Moriarty, Gardner, & Gardner, 1980), orangutans (Call, 2001;de Blois & Novak, 1999;de Blois, Novak, & Bond, 1998), gorillas (Natale, Antinucci, Spinozzi, & Potı `, 1986), macaque monkeys (de Blois & Novak, 1994, 1999Natale et al, 1986;Schino, Spinozzi, & Berlinguer, 1990), dogs (Dore ´, Fiset, Goulet, Dumas, & Gagnon, 1996;Gagnon & Dore ´, 1993;Pasnak, Kurkjian, & Triana, 1988;Triana & Pasnak, 1981), cats (Dore ´, 1986(Dore ´, , 1990Dore ´et al, 1996;Pasnak et al, 1988), and birds (Mendes & Huber, 2004;Pepperberg & Funk, 1990;Pepperberg, Willner, & Gravitz, 1997;Pollok, Prior, & Gu ¨ntu ¨rku ¨n, 2000).…”