Assessment of Risks Related to Medicine Dispensing by Nonprofessionals in Colombia: Clinical Case Simulations

Abstract

NEs should be considered part of the therapeutic chain and, if appropriately updated or instructed, could play a very important role in the always difficult promotion of rational drug use. Public health institutions and universities should be more actively involved in the provision of independent, unbiased, and essential information on common therapeutic problems, safety concerns, and new drug prescription restrictions.

A systematic review of the use of simulated patients and pharmacy practice research

“…Thirteen studies were undertaken in Europe, 14,15,17,20,21,24,27,30,37,40,43,49,50 nine in Asia, 7,12,13,22,29,39,42,47,51 eight in South and Central America, 8,9,18,25,31,35,45,48 seven in North America, 23,26,32,34,36,41,46 four in Africa, 13,16,28,33 three in Australasia 10,11,38 and one in the Middle East. 19 The remaining study was conducted across three countries.…”

“…7,18,30,31,37,41 Several studies stated that the simulated patients had received training but gave no information about its content. 12,25,35,39,45,51 Other studies reported providing the simulated patients with briefings, but not training per se. 8,16,20,27,28,33,63 Five studies included short training sessions.…”

A review of the provision of appropriate advice by pharmacy staff for self-medication in developing countries

“…Eleven studies were conducted in Asian regions: India, 44 Indonesia, 37 Pakistan, 26,27 Thailand, 19,39,40 Turkey, 18 and Vietnam. 22,24,32 Six studies came from African regions: Gambia, 33 Kenya, 29 South Africa, 41,45 Sudan, 36 and Zimbabwe, 35 Lastly, 11 studies were undertaken in Latin American and Caribbean regions: Bolivia, 25 Brazil, 34,38 Colombia, 43 Mexico, 20,21,31,42 Jamaica, 23 Latin American, 30 and both Guatemala and Mexico. 28 A wide variety of scenarios (n ¼ 64) were covered.…”

“…28 A wide variety of scenarios (n ¼ 64) were covered. This included abortifacients and/or misoprostol requests, 21 34 hypertension, 28 influenza remedies in hypertension, 43 malaria chemoprophylaxis, 41 metronidazole use in pregnancy, 43 migraine, 40 oral and/or emergency contraceptives, 20,23 sexually transmitted infections, 22,29,33,35,38,42,45 steroid requests, 32 and supplying dipyrone or misoprostol without prescription. 43 Several methods were used to conduct these 28 studies.…”

“…This included abortifacients and/or misoprostol requests, 21 34 hypertension, 28 influenza remedies in hypertension, 43 malaria chemoprophylaxis, 41 metronidazole use in pregnancy, 43 migraine, 40 oral and/or emergency contraceptives, 20,23 sexually transmitted infections, 22,29,33,35,38,42,45 steroid requests, 32 and supplying dipyrone or misoprostol without prescription. 43 Several methods were used to conduct these 28 studies. The patient simulation method was employed in 20 studies, 19,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]31,[34][35][36][37][38][39]41,43,44 pharmacy staff interview was performed in 4 studies, 20,30,42,45 and a combination of patient simulation with pharmacy staff interview was employed in 4 studies.…”