A review of the provision of appropriate advice by pharmacy staff for self-medication in developing countries

Brata, Cecilia; Gudka, Sajni; Schneider, Carl R.; Clifford, Rhonda

doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2014.07.003

Cited by 31 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(212 reference statements)

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“…Another simulated patient study from Nigeria documented that only 15% of the community pharmacists managed acute diarrhea in pediatrics, as per the WHO guidelines 27. In general, the scenario of community pharmacies in the developing world reflects poor professional practice and ethical standards 28,29,30…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating community pharmacy practice in Qatar using simulated patient method: acute gastroenteritis management

Ibrahim

Palaian

Al-Sulaiti

et al. 2016

Pharm Pract (Granada)

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Objective:To evaluate Qatari pharmacists’ prescribing, labeling, dispensing and counseling practices in response to acute community-acquired gastroenteritis.Methods:The simulated patient method was used in this study. Thirty pharmacies in Doha were randomly selected and further randomized into two groups: Face-to-Face (n=15) vs. Telephone-call (n=15) per simulated patient; 2 simulated patients were involved. Prescribing, labeling, dispensing and counseling practices were assessed. Data analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney and chi square tests at alpha=0.05.Results:Most pharmacists prescribed and dispensed medicines (96%), including antimicrobials (43.9%), antidiarrheals (36%), antiemetics (5.1%) and antipyretics (3%). Counseling practices were poor (62.1% in the face-to-face group vs 70% in the telephone-call group did not counsel simulated patients about the dispensed medicines; p-value=0.50). In more than one-third of the encounters, at least one labeling parameter was missing. The duration of each interaction in minutes was not significantly different between the groups [median (IQR); 3(4.25) in the face-to-face group versus 2(0.25) in the telephone-call group; p-value=0.77]. No significant differences in prescribing or dispensing behaviors were present between groups (p-value>0.05).Conclusion:Qatar community pharmacists’ labeling, dispensing, and counseling practices were below expectation, thus urging the need for continuous professional development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating community pharmacy practice in Qatar using simulated patient method: acute gastroenteritis management

Ibrahim

Palaian

Al-Sulaiti

et al. 2016

Pharm Pract (Granada)

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“…This might be due to the knowledge deficiency of the pharmacists or their reluctance to apply their knowledge. It should be noted different types of scenarios might affect the rate of information gathering and also provision of appropriate advice, because the level of knowledge of pharmacy staff regarding different scenarios might be different 20,26…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, designing guidelines or checklists in regard to OTC use of OCPs to determine which types of questions should be asked by pharmacists could be helpful 20,30. The irrelevant types or inadequate information gathered by pharmacists might lead to provision of inappropriate advice 20,26…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the practice of Iranian community pharmacists regarding oral contraceptive pills using simulated patients

Foroutan

Dabaghzadeh

2016

Pharm Pract (Granada)

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Background:As oral contraceptive pills are available over the counter in pharmacies, pharmacists are professionally responsible for checking and informing patients about every aspect of taking these drugs. Simulated patient method is a new and robust way to evaluate professional performance of pharmacists.Objective:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the pharmacy practice of Iranian pharmacists regarding over-the-counter use of oral contraceptive pills using simulated patient method.Methods:Simulated patients visited pharmacy with a prescription containing ciprofloxacin and asked for oral contraceptive pills. The pharmacist was expected to ask important questions for using these drugs and to inform the patient about them properly. Moreover, the Pharmacists should advise patients in regard to the possible interaction.Results:Ninety four pharmacists participated in this study. In 24 (25.3%) visits, the liable pharmacist was not present at the time of purchase. Furthermore, In 13 (18.57 %) visits by the simulated patients, the liable pharmacists did not pay any attention to the simulated patients even when they asked for consultation. Twenty nine (41.43%) pharmacists did not ask any question during dispensing. Nausea was the most frequent described side effect by pharmacists (27 (38.57%)). Yet important adverse effects of oral contraceptive pills were not mentioned by the pharmacists except for few ones. Only twelve (17.14%) pharmacists mentioned the possible interaction. There was a significant relation between the pharmacists’ gender and detection of possible interaction (p value= 0.048).Conclusion:The quality of the pharmacists’ consultations regarding the over the counter use of oral contraceptive pills was not satisfactory and required improvement.

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“…There are many methods to improve health literacy among the general population, of which the medical and pharmaceutical staff forms the cornerstone, but unfortunately, many studies reporting that not enough help was provided by pharmacy staff when handling self-medication needs even in developing countries [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Health Literacy Among Iraqi Women With Different Age Groups

Al-nema

2018

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objectives: The objectives of the study were to compare the health knowledge of women of different age groups. To evaluate different methods for developing health literacy. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2014 to January 2016 in Baghdad, Iraq. All candidates were females, age ≥18 years, neither medical staff nor medical students.The sample was divided into two groups: Group A: Females aged18-45 years, Group B: Females aged >45 years. A comparison between the two groups regarding their health literacy and the source of information was made. Results:The final sample included 213 women, of them, there were 107≤45 years (Group A) and 106>45 years (Group B) women. Significant difference was found between both groups regarding the knowledge about the prevention of cholera where the accurate answers were 46.7% in Group A versus 80.1% in Group B. The main source of information for both groups was the personal experience. However, internet was used more (42%) by the younger women (Group A), and television was used more (52.8%) by the older women (Group B). Conclusion:Young women had a better literacy on common medical problems, but the old showed overall limited health literacy. Pharmacists, physicians, and activities of the Ministry of Health played an impotent role in health literacy in the old women.

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A review of the provision of appropriate advice by pharmacy staff for self-medication in developing countries

Cited by 31 publications

References 34 publications

Evaluating community pharmacy practice in Qatar using simulated patient method: acute gastroenteritis management

Evaluating community pharmacy practice in Qatar using simulated patient method: acute gastroenteritis management

Evaluating the practice of Iranian community pharmacists regarding oral contraceptive pills using simulated patients

Comparison of Health Literacy Among Iraqi Women With Different Age Groups

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