Assessment of physiological sublethal effects of imidacloprid on the mirid bug Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür)

Abstract

Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür) (Hemiptera: Miridae) is currently one of major mirid pests in the Yangtze River and the Yellow River regions in China. Imidacloprid (neonicotinoid) is widely used against pierce-sucking pest insects, including against A. lucorum. In addition to its direct lethal effect, multiple negative sublethal effects may also occur in exposed insects. We assessed potential sublethal effects of imidacloprid on some biological characteristics of A. lucorum with the aim of increasing rational use of imidacloprid against that cotton pest. The lethal toxicity of imidacloprid on adults of A. lucorum was determined in laboratory conditions by a topical application bioassay (LD(50) = 6.70 ng a.i. [active ingredient]/A. lucorum adult). We also estimated a sublethal dose, LD(5) (0.38 ng a.i./adult), a low lethal dose, LD(25) (1.96 ng a.i./adult), and moderate lethal dose, LD(40) (3.97 ng a.i./adult). The sublethal dose of imidacloprid (LD(5)) shortened the pre-oviposition period of females but increased the time required for eggs to develop (i.e. longer embryogenesis). The low lethal dose (LD(25)) also reduced the pre-oviposition period. Females exposed to the LD(40) laid eggs that developed faster but overall percentage of eggs hatching was reduced. LD(25) and LD(40) reduced longevity of males but not of females. In addition, the susceptibility to seven insecticides generally used on Chinese crops was not modified in A. lucorum previously exposed to the LD(25) of imidacloprid. Our results demonstrate sublethal effects of low doses of imidacloprid on A. lucorum (notably on pre-oviposition period and egg development) which may have an impact on population dynamics of this pest.

Impact of imidacloprid on life-cycle development of Coccinella septempunctata in laboratory microcosms

“…ha À 1 treatment and the control could be demonstrated (ANOVA, LSD test, p o0.05). This observation is in accordance with reported effects of imidacloprid on survival and hatching rates of the mirid bug Apolygus lucorum (Tan et al, 2012), the ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis (Vincent et al, 2000), scarab beetles (Peck and Olmstead, 2010) and the Coccinellid beetle Serangium japonicum (He et al, 2012) According to our results, the NOER for C. septempunctata is 3.42 g a.i. ha À 1 , which is lower than the reported field application rates of imidacloprid (15-60 g a.i.…”

“…As a broad-spectrum systemic insecticide, it has shown excellent potential to control pest organisms in foliar and seed or soil applications (Anonymous, 1990;Dewar and Read, 1990;Palumbo et al, 2001;Schmeer et al, 1990;Tan et al, 2012). In China, imidacloprid is mainly used as foliar spray application and in 2011 about 11.4 thousand tons of products containing imidacloprid were applied to control pest insects, including representatives of Homoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera and Lepidoptera.…”

Sublethal Effects of Imidacloprid on Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Under Laboratory Conditions

“…Beta-cypermethrin treatments had greater influence on the development time of 1st instar nymphs than indoxacarb treatments. It is possible that beta-cypermethrin may suppress embryogenesis indirectly through adults and more effectively than indoxacarb (Tan et al 2012). It is therefore conceivable that the sublethal effects observed on nymphs of the F1 generation may be due to penetration of the insecticides into the embryo.…”

Evaluation of the Efficiency of Certain Attractive Toxic Baits for the Control of the House Fly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidac)

“…Boron compounds were the standard chemical use for control of larval moscoid fly population in manure [97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105], sewage ludge [106][107][108][109][110][111] and compost [112]. Recently, Hinkle et al [113,114] …”