Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide1. A small proportion of HF cases are attributable to monogenic cardiomyopathies and existing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have yielded only limited insights, leaving the observed heritability of HF largely unexplained2–4. We report the largest GWAS meta-analysis of HF to-date, comprising 47,309 cases and 930,014 controls. We identify 12 independent variant associations with HF at 11 genomic loci, all of which demonstrate one or more associations with coronary artery disease (CAD), atrial fibrillation, or reduced left ventricular function suggesting shared genetic aetiology. Expression quantitative trait analysis of non-CAD-associated loci implicate genes involved in cardiac development (MYOZ1, SYNPO2L), protein homeostasis (BAG3), and cellular senescence (CDKN1A). Using Mendelian randomisation analysis we provide new evidence supporting previously equivocal causal roles for several HF risk factors identified in observational studies, and demonstrate CAD-independent effects for atrial fibrillation, body mass index, hypertension and triglycerides. These findings extend our knowledge of the genes and pathways underlying HF and may inform the development of new therapeutic approaches.

The efficiency of boric acid, borax and imidacloprid is evaluated for inhibition of adult house fly emergence (IC values) as dry and liquid baits. In the two cases, imidacloprid has the greatest fatal effect at both IC 50 and IC 90 levels followed by boric acid and then borax. In the liquid formulation, IC 50 and IC 90 values are (0.083 and 2.6%), (0.19 and 2.48%) and (2.6 and 16.9%) for three tested compounds respectively. The relative efficiency for imidacloprid and boric acid compared to borax (the least potent one), imidacloprid and boric acid achieved 31.3 and 13.7 times more suppression of adult emergence than borax. In the solid formulation, IC 50 and IC 90 values are (0.083 -0.67%) followed by boric acid (3.7-11.6%) and borax (5.74-21.1%) respectively. It's clear that imidacloprid 68.8 times and boric acid 1.5 times as toxic as borax. Reasons for differences in manifestation of mortality and possibilities for practical application are discussed. We conclude that the efficiency of tested compounds as liquid baits is higher than it as dry baits.

In this study, a simple, rapid, sensitive and green High Performance Thin Layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was developed and validated for determination of Simvastatin and Ezetimibe in tablet dosage form. The method was carried out in TLC silica gel of nano particle size on glass plate 60 F 254, 10 cm ×10 cm. Two solvent systems were chosen according to the Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) parameters. Acetone: Heptane: Isopropyl alcohol in the proportion of 10:10:5, (v/v/v) with Rf Value for Simvastatin and Ezetimibe was 0.513 and 0.312 respectively. The linear regression coefficients were 0.999 and 0.998 for Simvastatin and Ezetimibe with respect to peak area and height in the concentration range of 600-1500 ng/spot and 150-375 ng/spot respectively. To get greener solvent, heptane was replaced with limonene in the second elution system but this system could separate either Simvastatin or Ezetimibe solely in single preparations but could not separate both of them simultaneously because both of them has almost the same Rf. The linear regression coefficients were 0.998 and 0.995 for Simvastatin and Ezetimibe respectively with the same concentration range of the first system. TLC plates of nano sized particles offer sharper separations due to small particle size and narrow fractionation. Theoretical plate heights (h values) are considerably smaller than those of the standard TLC plate. In addition diffusion and-as a consequence-band broadening are much lower. Also shorter developing times and shorter migration distances: After only a few centimeters an optimal separation has been achieved. Smaller samples of 0.01-0.1 μl (10-100 nanoliters). The samples applied are considerably smaller than with standard plates, thus it is possible to apply a large number of samples to a very small surface area, without samples interfering with each other. Finally increased detection sensitivity (nanogram level, hence nano plate). With fluorescence evaluation pico-gram quantities can be detected