Sublethal Effects of Imidacloprid on Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Under Laboratory Conditions

He, Yumei; Zhao, Jiuran; Wu, Dongrui; Wyckhuys, Kris A. G.; Wu, Kongming

doi:10.1603/ec10281

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Cotton leaves were treated using the leaf-dip bioassay, and it was carried out following the methodology described by He et al 33. Briefly, untreated cotton leaves were dipped for five seconds in the serial insecticide dilutions or in water plus acetone (as untreated control).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Potential Sublethal Effects of Various Insecticides on Key Biological Traits of The Tobacco Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci

He¹,

Zhao²,

Zheng³

et al. 2013

Int. J. Biol. Sci.

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141

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The tobacco whitefly Bemisia tabaci is one of the most devastating pests worldwide. Current management of B. tabaci relies upon the frequent applications of insecticides. In addition to direct mortality by typical acute toxicity (lethal effect), insecticides may also impair various key biological traits of the exposed insects through physiological and behavioral sublethal effects. Identifying and characterizing such effects could be crucial for understanding the global effects of insecticides on the pest and therefore for optimizing its management in the crops. We assessed the effects of sublethal and low-lethal concentrations of four widely used insecticides on the fecundity, honeydew excretion and feeding behavior of B. tabaci adults. The probing activity of the whiteflies feeding on treated cotton seedlings was recorded by an Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG). The results showed that imidacloprid and bifenthrin caused a reduction in phloem feeding even at sublethal concentrations. In addition, the honeydew excretions and fecundity levels of adults feeding on leaf discs treated with these concentrations were significantly lower than the untreated ones. While, sublethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos and carbosulfan did not affect feeding behavior, honeydew excretion and fecundity of the whitefly. We demonstrated an antifeedant effect of the imidacloprid and bifenthrin on B. tabaci, whereas behavioral changes in adults feeding on leaves treated with chlorpyrifos and carbosulfan were more likely caused by the direct effects of the insecticides on the insects' nervous system itself. Our results show that aside from the lethal effect, the sublethal concentration of imidacloprid and bifenthrin impairs the phloem feeding, i.e. the most important feeding trait in a plant protection perspective. Indeed, this antifeedant property would give these insecticides potential to control insect pests indirectly. Therefore, the behavioral effects of sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid and bifenthrin may play an important role in the control of whitefly pests by increasing the toxicity persistence in treated crops.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Potential Sublethal Effects of Various Insecticides on Key Biological Traits of The Tobacco Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci

He¹,

Zhao²,

Zheng³

et al. 2013

Int. J. Biol. Sci.

Self Cite

141

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show abstract

“…However, in our present study, we did not find direct mortality nor sublethal effect on S. japonicum when imidacloprid was applied systemically at recommended field rate. This is unexpected because imidacloprid is toxic to B. tabaci eggs when placed on systemically treated plants (He et al 2011;He and Wu unpublished data), i.e. the eggs did receive imidacloprid (through water uptake by the pedicel of B. tabaci eggs from the treated plants, Buckner et al 2002;Li et al 2009) and they contained imidacloprid in such exposure situation.…”

Section: Lethal Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lethal effect of imidacloprid on the coccinellid predator Serangium japonicum and sublethal effects on predator voracity and on functional response to the whitefly Bemisia tabaci

et al. 2012

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Neonicotinoid insecticides are widely used for controlling sucking pests, and sublethal effects can be expected in beneficial arthropods like natural enemies. Serangium japonicum is an important predator in many agricultural systems in China, and a potential biological control agent against Bemisia tabaci. We evaluated the toxicity of imidacloprid to S. japonicum and its impact on the functional response to B. tabaci eggs. S. japonicum adults exposed through contact to dried residues of imidacloprid at the recommended field rate on cotton against B. tabaci (4 g active ingredient per 100 l, i.e. 40 ppm [part per million]), and reduced rates (25, 20, 15 and 10 ppm) for 24 h showed high mortality rates. The mortality induced by a lowest rate, 5 ppm, was not significantly different than the control group and thus it was considered as a sublethal rate. The lethal rate 50 and hazard quotient (HQ) were estimated to be 11.54 ppm and 3.47 respectively, indicating a risk for S. japonicum in treated fields (HQ > 2). When exposed to dried residues of imidacloprid at the sublethal rate (5 ppm) on cotton leaves, functional response of S. japonicum to B. tabaci eggs was affected with an increase in handling time and a reduction in peak consumption of eggs. Imidacloprid residues also disturbed predator voracity, the number of B. tabaci eggs consumed on treated leaves being significantly lower than on untreated leaves. All effects disappeared within a few hours after transfer to untreated cotton leaves. Imidacloprid systemically applied at the recommended field rate (for cotton) showed no toxicity to S. japonicum, nor affected the functional response of the predator. Sublethal effects of imidacloprid on S. japonicum observed in our study likely negatively affect S. japonicum development and reproductive capacity and may ultimately reduce predator population growth. These results hint at the importance of assessing potential effects of imidacloprid on S. japonicum for developing effective integrated pest management programs of B. tabaci in China.

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“…For example, a pulsed exposure may be caused by the synchronized bloom of imidacloprid-treated oilseed rape fields that normally flower for approximately four weeks in April or May [32] (where the crop is winter-sown) and the exposure subsides when the bees subsequently switch to foraging on pesticide-free wildflowers [33]. Recuperation from some imidacloprid-induced effects has been reported following an exposure in honey bees [34], coccinellids [35], aphids [36], whitefly [37], and the aquatic larvae of midge [38], but our study is the first to explore the potential for such a recovery in bumble bees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repression and Recuperation of Brood Production in Bombus terrestris Bumble Bees Exposed to a Pulse of the Neonicotinoid Pesticide Imidacloprid

Laycock

Cresswell

2013

PLoS ONE

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Currently, there is concern about declining bee populations and some blame the residues of neonicotinoid pesticides in the nectar and pollen of treated crops. Bumble bees are important wild pollinators that are widely exposed to dietary neonicotinoids by foraging in agricultural environments. In the laboratory, we tested the effect of a pulsed exposure (14 days ‘on dose’ followed by 14 days ‘off dose’) to a common neonicotinoid, imidacloprid, on the amount of brood (number of eggs and larvae) produced by Bombus terrestris L. bumble bees in small, standardised experimental colonies (a queen and four adult workers). During the initial ‘on dose’ period we observed a dose-dependent repression of brood production in colonies, with productivity decreasing as dosage increased up to 98 µg kg−1 dietary imidacloprid. During the following ‘off dose’ period, colonies showed a dose-dependent recuperation such that total brood production during the 28-day pulsed exposure was not correlated with imidacloprid up to 98 µg kg−1. Our findings raise further concern about the threat to wild bumble bees from neonicotinoids, but they also indicate some resilience to a pulsed exposure, such as that arising from the transient bloom of a treated mass-flowering crop.

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Sublethal Effects of Imidacloprid on Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Under Laboratory Conditions

Cited by 26 publications

References 47 publications

Assessment of Potential Sublethal Effects of Various Insecticides on Key Biological Traits of The Tobacco Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci

Assessment of Potential Sublethal Effects of Various Insecticides on Key Biological Traits of The Tobacco Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci

Lethal effect of imidacloprid on the coccinellid predator Serangium japonicum and sublethal effects on predator voracity and on functional response to the whitefly Bemisia tabaci

Repression and Recuperation of Brood Production in Bombus terrestris Bumble Bees Exposed to a Pulse of the Neonicotinoid Pesticide Imidacloprid

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