Assessment of larvicidal activity of nanoemulsion from Citrus sinensis essential oil on Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae)

Abstract

Larvicide UltrasonicationSynthetic insecticides cause pollution to the environment. In addition, insects develop resistance toward them. So, there is an urgent need for effective safe alternatives. In the current study, nanoemulsion was prepared from essential oil of Cirtus sinensis by the ultrasonic method. The efficacy of the nanoemulsion was evaluated against larvae of Culex pipiens and compared with that of the bulk emulsion. The mean droplet size of the nanoemulsion was 78.8±14.2 nm with poly dispersity index (PDI) value 0.28. The LC 50 for the nanoemulsion and the bulk emulsion were 27.4 and 86.3 ppm, respectively related to Citrus sinensis essential oil. The Larvicidal activity of the formulated nanoemulsion was more toxic than that of bulk emulsion. The results showed that nanoemulsion of Cirtus sinensis EO can be used for control of vector-borne disease Culex pipiens larvae.

Assessment of larvicidal efficiency of nanoemulsion from Pimpinella anisum L. essential oil on Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae

“…The larvicidal activity of the nanoemulsion of P. anisum against the C. pipiens larvae in this study may be due to trans-anethole which is the major component of the EO, it was reported to have insecticidal property ( Abdel-Baki et al, 2021) . Our results agree with several studies on the nanoemulsions based on EOs as effective insecticides (Anjali et al, 2011;Ghosh et al, 2013;Sugumar et al, 2014;Duarte et al, 2015, Azmy et al, 2019Azmy et al, 2021a). In addition, the results of this research come in contact with the research that studied the toxic effects of P. anisum EO on the different life stages of Cx.…”

“…EO Nanoemulsions are emulsions with droplet size in the nano-range (McClements, 2011); this formulation improves solubility of oils (Magdassi et al, 2013). Many EOs nanoemulsions were reported as effective larvicides such as nanemulasions of eucalyptus, rosemary, orange (Sugumar et al, 2014;Duarte et al, 2015, Azmy et al, 2019Azmy et al, 2021 a). P. anisum belongs to family Apiaceae, the EO of this plant can be extracted from the seeds, the major component of P. anisum EO is trans-anethole (Orav et al, 2008), the insecticidal activity of this compound was reported against C. pipiens (Zoubiri et al, 2014;El Zayyat et al, 2017).…”

Synthesis and Technology of Nanoemulsion-Based Pesticide Formulation

“…EOs are also known for use in controlling insects due to their volatility properties, which makes them suitable for fumigation [42]. Some authors demonstrated the increase of jojoba oil concentration causes the rise of death in rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae adults [43]; the mortality rate of mosquito larvae also increases when surfactants are used higher in neem oil nanoemulsions and Citrus sinensis nanoemulsions, respectively [44,45]. Therefore, it was concluded that the mortality rate of pest is dependent on both surfactant and oil concentration in the nanoemulsions.…”

Seasonal metabolic profiling of Valencia orange leaf essential oil using GC coupled with chemometrics, nano-formulation, and insecticidal evaluation: in vivo and in silico

“…pipiens to possess certain water solubility as it is an aquatic insect which was difficult to achieve with the EOs. 9 The lipoid nature of the EO could hinder the penetration of oil through the mosquito and thus it was critical to encapsulate the EO in a suitable formulation to enhance its insecticidal effect. Hexosomal nano-particles were the most convenient as GMO, which is one of its lipid components that is able to incorporate both hydrophilic and lipophilic constituents.…”

“…pipiens mosquitos. 6,9 Various techniques are utilized for the extraction of essential oil from the plant such as solvent extraction, steam-hydrodistillation, steam distillation, and hydrodistillation. 10,11 Hydrodistillation is the most common technique for essential oil extraction on small or industrial scale.…”