Assessment of Injuries Caused by Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) on the Incidence of Bunch Rot Diseases in Table Grape

Abstract

Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied.) is the main insect pest of table grapes (Vitis vinifera) in the Southern Region of Brazil. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of fruit puncturing by adult females and larval infestation by A. fraterculus on the occurrence of bunch rot disease in the grape (cultivar "Itália") by evaluating grapes (a) punctured for oviposition by females of A. fraterculus, sterilized in laboratory with novaluron (40 mg L(-1)) and further spray-inoculated separately with Botrytis cinerea (1 × 10(6) conidia mL(-1)), Glomerella cingulata (1 × 10(6) conidia mL(-1)), and bacteria and yeast that cause sour rot (1 × 10(5) cells mL(-1)), (b) grapes punctured for oviposition by non-sterilized females with pathogen spraying, (c) grapes with mechanical wounds and pathogen spraying, (d) grapes with no wounds and with pathogen spraying, (e) grapes punctured for oviposition by A. fraterculus chemically sterilized in laboratory with novaluron, (f) grapes punctured for oviposition by A. fraterculus non-sterilized in laboratory with novaluron, (g) grapes with mechanical wounds, and (h) grapes with no sterilization or pathogen spraying. Our data indicated that the mechanical and oviposition wounds caused by A. fraterculus increased the percentage of grapes infected by B. cinerea, G. cingulata, and microorganisms of acid rot. The grape puncturing by A. fraterculus and the mechanical wound allows the penetration of B. cinerea and microorganisms leading to acid rot. We conclude that the fruit fly A. fraterculus may facilitate phytopathogens penetration leading to bunch rots in the table grape Itália.

Toxicity of Baits and Their Effects on Population Suppression of Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae): Implications for Field Management

“…In the laboratory, the fruits were kept in an air-conditioned room (150 fruits per box). After 15 d, the period necessary to develop the larvae until the third instar (Nunes et al 2013), the fruits were cut to verify the presence of galls caused by the larvae (Machota Jr. et al 2016).…”

Pest Management and Ochratoxin A Contamination in Grapes: A Review

“…As many phytopathogenic fungi have been found in all the body parts of the adults of this insect, it has been suggested that the fly can serve as a mechanical vector of spores [108]. A significant increase of bunches infected by B. cinerea, Glomerella cingulata, and microorganisms of sour rot was demonstrated after oviposition wounds by A. fraterculus, even if no specific OTA assessment was performed [109]. Similar observations have also been carried out on Polistes dominulus (Christ) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in lab conditions, demonstrating the attitude of this species to facilitate sour rot diseases increasing host susceptibility and transmitting microbial communities to grapes, including Aspergillus spp.…”

Grapevine Biotechnology: Molecular Approaches Underlying Abiotic and Biotic Stress Responses

“…As a consequence of the increase of the international trade of cold-stored products, this fungus has gained great importance because it can grow effectively over long periods of time at just above freezing temperatures [18]. In the field, it can spread to other grapes by insects which can carry viable conidia and generate mechanical damage [19]. Although, B. cinerea shows a remarkable flexibility to germinate in different host environments, several factors influence the germination of a conidia, such as temperature, surface water, relative humidity, among others [20].…”