Assessment of Incubation Period of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis due to Leishmania major in Tunisia

Karim, Abdul; Kalboussi, Yasmine; Sghaier, Ikram; Souissi, O.; Bellali, H.; Bouratbine, A.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.20-0439

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common form of leishmaniasis, transmitted to humans by biting a female sandfly. One of the causes of this disease is the intracellular parasite Leishmania major (11,12). Cutaneous leishmaniasis causes ugly ulcers that remain in place for a long time.…”

Section: Mendeleymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinformatics Analysis to Designing a Multi-epitope-based Peptide Vaccine Combat Leishmania major

Rouzbahani

Kheirandish

Hashemzadeh

2022

Iran J Med Microbiol

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Background and Aim: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a significant public health issue worldwide. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most prevalent in the world among the different types of leishmaniasis. Currently, available medications have had no discernible influence on the disease's progression. Up to now, there has been no approved cutaneous leishmaniasis vaccine. New developments in vaccination might be a potential way to come up with a vaccination that is successful for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Materials and Methods:This research was conducted to learn more about an effective vaccine for Leishmania major, the ailment's primary cause of CL, which was designed using computational methods. Thus, a multiepitope protein was designed by utilizing potential immune system epitopes, including predicted MHC class I, MHC class II, Cytotoxic T lymphocytes, Bcell, and Interferon-gamma epitopes of Cysteine protease b (CPB), Leishmania homologue of activated C kinase (LACK), and Kinetoplastid membrane protein-11 (KMP-11) antigenic proteins. In order to enhance vaccine immunogenicity, two resuscitation-promoting factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were used as adjuvants. Final epitopes were matched with suitable linkers to construct the recombinant structure. The physicochemical and immune-based characteristics of the designed vaccine have been forecasted by using different tools. Moreover, homogeneity modeling was performed to obtain a high-quality 3D structure, followed by refinement and validation. Finally, the codon optimization based on E. coli resulted in a higher CAI value and optimal GC content, followed by combining it in the pET-14b cloning vector.Results: Evaluation of the various characteristics of the designed vaccine showed that it is an immunogenic and nonallergenic antigen that can induce immune responses against Leishmania major infection, which could be promising for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Conclusion:Research shows that a recombinant vaccine can be an effective candidate against cutaneous leishmaniasis.

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Section: Mendeleymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinformatics Analysis to Designing a Multi-epitope-based Peptide Vaccine Combat Leishmania major

Rouzbahani

Kheirandish

Hashemzadeh

2022

Iran J Med Microbiol

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“…A surge in adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol due to excessive cytokine release imparts skin hyperpigmentation in VL individuals, which in the Indian native language, is termed as “Kalazar-a black fever” [ 20 ]. The incubation duration of the leishmanial parasite ranges from 7 to 147 days [ 21 ]. Hence, the commencement of VL is either acute or insidious.…”

Section: Leishmaniasis—a Grievous Medical Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanotechnology based solutions for anti-leishmanial impediments: a detailed insight

2021

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As a neglected tropical disease, Leishmaniasis is significantly instigating morbidity and mortality across the globe. Its clinical spectrum varies from ulcerative cutaneous lesions to systemic immersion causing hyperthermic hepato-splenomegaly. Curbing leishmanial parasite is toughly attributable to the myriad obstacles in existing chemotherapy and immunization. Since the 1990s, extensive research has been conducted for ameliorating disease prognosis, by resolving certain obstacles of conventional therapeutics viz. poor efficacy, systemic toxicity, inadequate drug accumulation inside the macrophage, scarce antigenic presentation to body’s immune cells, protracted length and cost of the treatment. Mentioned hurdles can be restricted by designing nano-drug delivery system (nano-DDS) of extant anti-leishmanials, phyto-nano-DDS, surface modified—mannosylated and thiolated nano-DDS. Likewise, antigen delivery with co-transportation of suitable adjuvants would be achievable through nano-vaccines. In the past decade, researchers have engineered nano-DDS to improve the safety profile of existing drugs by restricting their release parameters. Polymerically-derived nano-DDS were found as a suitable option for oral delivery as well as SLNs due to pharmacokinetic re-modeling of drugs. Mannosylated nano-DDS have upgraded macrophage internalizing of nanosystem and the entrapped drug, provided with minimal toxicity. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) was tackling by the utilization of nano-DDS designed for topical delivery including niosomes, liposomes, and transfersomes. Transfersomes, however, appears to be superior for this purpose. The nanotechnology-based solution to prevent parasitic resistance is the use of Thiolated drug-loaded and multiple drugs loaded nano-DDS. These surfaces amended nano-DDS possess augmented IC50 values in comparison to conventional drugs and un-modified nano-DDS. Phyto-nano-DDS, another obscure horizon, have also been evaluated for their anti-leishmanial response, however, more intense assessment is a prerequisite. Impoverished Cytotoxic T-cells response followed by Leishmanial antigen proteins delivery have also been vanquished using nano-adjuvants. The eminence of nano-DDS for curtailment of anti-leishmanial chemotherapy and immunization associated challenges are extensively summed up in this review. This expedited approach is ameliorating the Leishmaniasis management successfully. Alongside, total to partial eradication of this disease can be sought along with associated co-morbidities.

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“…Still regarding the Amazon basin area, Oré and colleagues estimated a median IP of 56 days with a minimum and maximum of 14 days and 252 days, respectively [ 12 ]. To the best of our knowledge, the only study specifically designed to determine IP among many individuals was performed in Tunisia between 2015 and 2019 [ 13 ]. In this study, Aoun et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, Aoun et al . determined IP in patients dwelling in areas that were non-endemic for Leishmania major Zoonotic CL (ZCL) and were infected during trips to local foci of ZCL [ 13 ]. A median IP of 35 days was found, with values ranging from 7 to 147 days.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Updated estimation of cutaneous leishmaniasis incubation period in French Guiana

et al. 2023

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Background The cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) incubation period (IP) is defined as the time between parasite inoculation by sandfly bite and the onset of the first CL lesion. IP distribution is difficult to assess for CL because the date of exposure to an infectious bite cannot be accurately determined in endemic areas. IP current estimates for CL range from 14 days to several months with a median around 30–60 days, as established by a few previous studies in both New and Old Worlds. Methodology We estimated CL incubation period distribution using time-to-event models adapted to interval-censored data based on declared date of travels from symptomatic military personnel living in non-endemic areas that were exposed during their short stays in French Guiana (FG) between January 2001 and December 2021. Principal findings A total of 180 patients were included, of which 176 were men (97.8%), with a median age of 26 years. When recorded, the parasite species was always Leishmania guyanensis (31/180, 17.2%). The main periods of CL diagnosis spread from November to January (84/180, 46.7%) and over March-April (54/180, 30.0%). The median IP was estimated at 26.2 days (95% Credible Level, 23.8–28.7 days) using a Bayesian accelerated failure-time regression model. Estimated IP did not exceed 62.1 days (95% CI, 56–69.8 days) in 95% of cases (95th percentile). Age, gender, lesion number, lesion evolution and infection date did not significantly modify the IP. However, disseminated CL was significantly associated with a 2.8-fold shortening of IP. Conclusions This work suggests that the CL IP distribution in French Guiana is shorter and more restricted than anticipated. As the incidence of CL in FG usually peaks in January and March, these findings suggest that patients are contaminated at the start of the rainy season.

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Assessment of Incubation Period of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis due to Leishmania major in Tunisia

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Bioinformatics Analysis to Designing a Multi-epitope-based Peptide Vaccine Combat Leishmania major

Bioinformatics Analysis to Designing a Multi-epitope-based Peptide Vaccine Combat Leishmania major

Nanotechnology based solutions for anti-leishmanial impediments: a detailed insight

Updated estimation of cutaneous leishmaniasis incubation period in French Guiana

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