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Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers around the world. Vaccines are a new hope for prevention of this cancer. In the case of prostate cancer, PSMA is considered as a target for vaccine development. Here, the initial data from the computational analysis of this specific antigen of the prostate membrane to find potential B-cell epitopes are described using a new bioinformatic tools. Based on the results, 673RHVIYAPSSHNKYAGE25 is the peptide with best binding affinity. These data may be useful for the effective vaccines development.

Background and Aim: SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of Coronavirus 2019 or COVID-19 in the world. Novel coronavirus disease is a respiratory disease. To date, there have been challenges in the treatment for COVID-19 and emerged new variants like UK B1.1.7. Accordingly, an effective prevention regime is needed for this infection, which covers most variants. The purpose of this research was to predict the conserved epitopes of Spike and Nucleocapsid proteins from SARS-CoV-2 for the design of a novel coronavirus 2019 multi-epitope vaccine using in silico tools.Materials and Methods: Computational analysis and immunoinformatics approaches include identification of potential conserve epitopes and selection of epitopes based on allergenicity, toxicity, antigenicity, and molecular docking were used for epitope prediction and screening. In the next step, selected segments of the epitopes were attached by the suitable linkers. Finally, Maltese-bound protein (MBP) as an adjuvant was added to the novel vaccine structure. The secondary and third structures of the designed multi-epitope vaccine were predicted via immunoinformatics algorithms. Predicted structure refined and validated for attaining best stability. In the end, immunoinformatics evaluation, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics were performed to confirm vaccine efficiency. Codon optimization and in silico cloning were done to ensure the expression yield of the novel multi-epitope vaccine in the target host.Results: This study showed that our data support the suggestion that the designed vaccine could induce immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Conclusion:The structure designed had acceptable quality with software reviews. Further in vitro and in vivo experiments are needed to confirm the safety and immunogenicity of the candidate vaccine.

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Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant property of silymarin (SM) extracted from the seed of Silybum marianum and its anticancer activity on KB and A549 cell lines following 24, 48, and 72 h of treatment. Methods: Ten grams of powdered S. marianum seeds were defatted using n-hexane for 6 hours and then extracted by methanol. The silymarin extracted of extraction components The extracted components of silymarin were measured by spectrophotometric assay and HPLC analysis. 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, phenol content, total flavonoid content, and total antioxidant capacity were measured to detect the antioxidant properties of SM. The anticancer activity of the SM on cell lines evaluated by MTT. Results: In HPLC analysis, more than 50% of the peaks were related to silibin A and B. SM was reducedDPPH (the stable free radical) with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 6.56 μg/ ml in comparison with butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT), which indicated an IC50 of ~3.9 μg/ ml.The cytotoxicity effect of SM on the cell lines was studied by MTT assay. The cytotoxicity effect of the extracted silymarin on KB and A549 cell lines was observed up to 80 and 70% at 156 and 78 µg/ml, respectively. The IC50 value of the extracted SM on KB and A549 cell lines after 24 hours of treatment was seen at 555 and 511 µg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: Due to the good antioxidant and anticancer properties of the isolated silymarin, its use as an anticancer drug is suggested.

Background: Nowadays opium addiction is most important problem in most countries. There are some false beliefs about role of opium in prevention and control of heart disease in society, thus suggestion about opium usage is common in this regard. This review is written based on studies that were performed about relation between opium addiction and heart disease. Materials and Methods: In this review study, relevant articles indexed in Information Sciences Institute, PubMed, Scientific Information Database, IranMedex, SID, PubMed and Scopus were used to search between 1980 and 2017, with further emphasis on those indexed from 2008 to 2019. We used these keywords to search: opium addiction, lipid peroxidation, blood sugar, blood fat, atherosclerosis, infarct size, arrhythmia and heart disease done in people opium addiction. Results: Data showed the relation between opium addiction and lipid peroxidation, blood sugar, infarct size, arrhythmia and Malondialdehyde index. Different effects have been observed in different studies. This difference may be due to the effect of anesthesia, the dose of the drug, the site of action in the brain, respiratory changes, and the characteristics of the receptors. Conclusion: Opium addiction associated with different effects on blood sugar, blood fat, blood pressure, atherosclerosis, infarct size, arrhythmia and heart disease.

Introduction: The prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes is rising worldwide. Diabetes is a major health issue across the globe and a cause of microvascular and macrovascular complications, including nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, blindness, and cardiovascular disease. Long-term control of blood glucose is an important and determining factor in the prevention of these complications. Methods: In this review study, the databases such as Scientific Information Database, PubMed, SID, ISI, and Scopus were searched for articles published from 1975 to 2019, with emphasis on the articles published within the past 10 years. The used keywords were diabetes, insulin, oxidative stress, microvascular, and macrovascular as well as the diseases and disorders related to diabetes. Results: Considering diabetes, types of diabetes, and its relationship with the organs, it is possible to estimate some degree of prevention, recovery, and timely treatment of diabetes and its effects on other organs Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus (DM) causes numerous diseases and affects the organs due to hyperglycemia, reduced insulin level or insulin tolerance, increased free radicals, and dysfunction of organs. Delay in the diagnosis of diabetes leads to increased diabetes complications that can be prevented by severe glycemic control.

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