Assessment of in vitro Cytotoxic, iNOS, Antioxidant and Photodynamic Antimicrobial Activities of Water‐soluble Sulfonated Phthalocyanines

Abstract

In recent years, much effort has been devoted to the development of effective anticancer agents. In this manner, the utilization of water‐soluble sulfonated phthalocyanines is crucial for many cancer cell lines. In this study, phthalonitrile and metallophthalocyanine compounds linked by benzenesulfonic acid groups have been prepared. Antimicrobial behaviors of those compounds were investigated by performing disk diffusion and photodynamic assays on gram‐positive and negative bacteria. Indium phthalocyanine (InClPc) (3) showed inhibition activity against B. cereus, B. subtilis and S. aureus with disk diffusion assay. Also, gallium and indium phthalocyanines (2 and 3) exhibited inhibitory activity on both gram‐positive and ‐negative microorganisms after light activation. Increasing the inhibitor concentration and light exposure time increased the inhibition activity for both molecules. GaClPc (2) demonstrated the maximum reducing power capacity among studied compounds, and CoPc (4) showed even better DPPH radical scavenging ability than the standard molecule Trolox at 2000 µg mL−1 concentration. The dose‐dependent effect of compounds on cytotoxicity was studied against cancer cells PANC‐1, MDA‐MB‐231, HepG2, A549, HeLa, CaCo‐2 and non‐tumorigenic cells HEK‐293. All compounds showed no significant cytotoxic effect on any cell line up to the highest treated concentration at 50 µg mL−1. However, all phthalocyanines had significant nitric oxide inhibition activity, and only in copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) (5), the MTT IC50 value was reached on LPS‐activated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The lowest inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) IC50 values were defined as 6 ± 1 μg mL−1 and 7 ± 0.5 μg mL−1 for CuPc (5) and InClPc (3), respectively.

Anticancer activity of novel silicon phthalocyanines against the colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (DLD-1)

“…They exhibited low dark cytotoxic effects. 72 Lo et al synthesized a number of new symmetric and unsymmetric axially di-substituted silicon( iv ) phthalocyanines bearing 1,3-bis(dimethylami-no)-2-propoxy and/or alkoxy groups. They displayed acceptable photocytotoxicity against cell lines namely human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 and murine macrophage J774.…”

“…The IC 50 values were calculated to study the apoptotic effect of compounds (1-3-QSi). 66,72,73 Albeit compounds 2-QSi and 3-QSi displayed statistically intensive total apoptosis ities in comparison to living cells (P o 0.001), the total apoptosis activity of compound 1-QSi was not higher than the live cells. However, compounds (1-3-QSi) induced apoptosis to a statistically significant extent (P = 0.05) compared to the control group.…”