Assessment of Geology as it Pertains to Modeling Uplift in Jointed Rock: A Basis for Inclusion of Uncertainty in Flow Models

Murphy, William L.; Ebeling, Robert M.; Anderson, John M.

doi:10.21236/ada401845

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) production currently provides approximately 50% of world-wide salmon consumption [1]. This popularity is due, in part, to the year-round availability of fresh farmed salmon and the low-cost which can be half that of wild salmon [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simplified Method to Distinguish Farmed (Salmo salar) from Wild Salmon: Fatty Acid Ratios Versus Astaxanthin Chiral Isomers

Megdal

Craft

Handelman

2009

Lipids

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Mislabeling of farmed and wild salmon sold in markets has been reported. Since the fatty acid content of fish may influence human health and thus consumer behavior, a simplified method to identify wild and farmed salmon is necessary. Several studies have demonstrated differences in lipid profiles between farmed and wild salmon but no data exists validating these differences with government-approved methods to accurately identify the origin of these fish. Current methods are both expensive and complicated, using highly specialized equipment not commonly available. Therefore, we developed a testing protocol using gas chromatography (GC), to determine the origin of salmon using fatty acid profiles. We also compared the GC method with the currently approved FDA (United States Food and Drug Administration) technique that uses analysis of carotenoid optical isomers and found 100% agreement. Statistical validation (n = 30) was obtained showing elevated 18:2n-6 (z = 4.56; P = 0.0001) and decreased 20:1n-9 (z = 1.79; P = 0.07) in farmed samples. The method is suitable for wide adaptation because fatty acid methyl ester analysis is a well-established procedure in labs that conduct analysis of lipid composition and food constituents. GC analysis for determining the origin of North American salmon compared favorably with the astaxanthin isomer technique used by the FDA and showed that the fatty acid 18:2n-6 was the key indicator associated with the origin of these salmon.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simplified Method to Distinguish Farmed (Salmo salar) from Wild Salmon: Fatty Acid Ratios Versus Astaxanthin Chiral Isomers

Megdal

Craft

Handelman

2009

Lipids

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“…The user-provided value of the JRC, in conjunction with the user-provided value of mechanical aperture, E, are used to compute a value for conducting aperture, e, for the rock joint(s). An interrelationship developed by Barton et al (1985), as discussed in section 2.3.3 of Murphy et al (2002), is used to estimate the joint's conducting aperture, e. The Barton et al (1985) relationship between, e, E, and JRC is valid for SI units (i.e., apertures in µm) and valid only for values of E≥e and with a range of mechanical aperture from 1 to 1,000 µm. Recall the user establishes the units of the problem early on in CAS_Stab-R model development (Figure 3-8).…”

Section: Hydraulic Conductivity Of the Rock Jointmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corroded Anchor Structure Stability/Reliability (CAS_Stab-R) software for hydraulic structures

Warren¹,

White²,

Ebeling³

2018

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This report describes software that provides a probabilistic estimate of time-to-failure for a corroding anchor strand system. These anchor systems are installed to preserve and extend the service life of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers hydraulic structures. Corrosion reduces the cross-section area of steel cables until the cable capacity is less than the tension force applied when the anchor cable was initially installed. When enough material is lost from the cable anchor that the cable capacity is less than the lock-off load of the anchor, the anchor will fail and no longer provide stability to the structure. A series of unique pull-test experiments conducted by Ebeling et al. (2016) at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center provided the required statistical relationships of reduced seven-strand cable capacity to (1) corroded cross-section area and to (2) corroded cross-section minimum short axis diameter for failed cable strands. The software product Corroded Anchorage Structural Stability and Reliability (CAS_Stab-R) produces probabilistic Remaining Anchor Life time estimates for anchor cables based upon the direct corrosion rate for the installation. CAS_Stab-R can also perform a probabilistic analysis to determine the Probability of Unsatisfactory Performance for a structural model cross section founded on rock. DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents.

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“…In some instances flow can occur along rock-to-concrete interfaces through gaps that develop to poor contact between the concrete slab and the rock foundation or differential slab movements. Uplift pressures as a result of flow within discrete discontinuities is discussed in Murphy, Ebeling, and Andersen (2002) ;Ebeling, Pace, and Morrison (1997); Ebeling and Pace (1996); and Stone and Webster Engineering Corporation (1992).…”

Section: Chaptermentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple Methods Used to Estimate the Limit-State Axial Load Capability of Spillway Invert Slabs

Strom¹,

Ebeling²

2004

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Invert spillway slabs provide an important contribution to the overall seismic stability of retaining walls, especially those earth-retaining L-walls and T-walls (sometimes referred to as cantilever retaining walls) that border spillway channels. Key to the seismic performance of spillway retaining walls is the stabihzing force that the channel invert slab exerts at tlie toe of the wall. The magnitude of this stabihzing force will depend on the limit state axial load capacity of the invert slab.Invert slabs can be founded on earth or rock. Types of construction used by the Corps include an independent block plan and a continuous reinforcing plan. Invert slabs when loaded axially can exhibit either short column or long column behavior with the latter term referring to slabs whose axial capacity is reduced by second-order deformations (i.e., P • A effects).Slab capacity in terms of axial load-moment interaction is determmed based on ultunate strength design principles and applied to both unreinforced (plain concrete) and remforced concrete sections. Influences from the subgrade reaction, slab dead load, and axial load eccentricity are considered in the analyses to develop an understanding of invert slab behavior and the influence, if any, second-order deformations may have m reducing the axial load capacity.

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Assessment of Geology as it Pertains to Modeling Uplift in Jointed Rock: A Basis for Inclusion of Uncertainty in Flow Models

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

A Simplified Method to Distinguish Farmed (Salmo salar) from Wild Salmon: Fatty Acid Ratios Versus Astaxanthin Chiral Isomers

A Simplified Method to Distinguish Farmed (Salmo salar) from Wild Salmon: Fatty Acid Ratios Versus Astaxanthin Chiral Isomers

Corroded Anchor Structure Stability/Reliability (CAS_Stab-R) software for hydraulic structures

Simple Methods Used to Estimate the Limit-State Axial Load Capability of Spillway Invert Slabs

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