Assessment of genetic diversity in naturally growing 29 Trifolium L. taxa from Bolu Province using RAPD and SSR markers

Abstract

Two molecular marker technologies, RAPD and SSR, were used to determine the genetic diversity of 29 taxa of Trifolium L. collected from Bolu Province. The analysis was carried out using 11 RAPD and 5 SSR markers. A total of 446 and 331 fragments were produced by RAPD and SSR markers, respectively. The amplification products were 300-3500 bp with RAPD and 125-3000 bp with SSR markers. These bands were scored as absence and presence for all taxa. Data obtained were used to estimate genetic similarity using Jaccard's coefficient, and dendrograms were constructed by the UPGMA method using either RAPD and SSR markers individually or as combined sets of data. The highest genetic similarity values obtained were 0.33 between T. hirtum All. and T. constantinapolitanum Ser. for RAPD and 0.49 between T. medium L. var. medium and var. eriocalycinum Hausskn. for SSR. The dendrograms produced from combined sets of RAPD and SSR data revealed 2 main clusters. One contained members of the sections Chronosemium Ser., Lotoidea L., and Vesicaria Ser., and the other had only the section Trifolium. The results suggest that the use of 2 different molecular markers gives the most reliable genetic data for Trifolium taxa.

The Evaluations Of Taxonomic Classifications In The Genus Trifolium L. Based On ITS Sequences

“…However, molecular studies show that there are still taxonomic problems and some species are not grouped together with other species belonging to the same section [8]. Furthermore it is observed in some studies that the taxa belonging to section Chronosemium are found together with the taxa belonging to other sections (Vesicaria and Lotoidea) [7], unlike the new infrageneric classification proposed by Ellison et al [5].…”

“…Besides the members of the genus have great importance for animals, the most of species classification of the species based on the sections or subgenus. While some researchers use the classification proposed by Zohary and Heller [3,6,7], some researchers use the classification proposed by Ellison et al [2,5]. In the classification of Trifolium taxa based on Zohary and Heller [6], the taxa are evaluated into 8 sections as Lotoidea, Paramesus (C.Presl), Mistyllus (C.Presl), Vesicaria, Chronosemium, Trifolium, Trichocephalum Koch, and Involucrarium Hooker.…”

“…Especially molecular techniques based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods or DNA sequence information's are frequently used to solve taxonomic problems, to explain the genetic status and phylogenetic relationships of taxa in the genus Trifolium [4,5,7,8], because of morphological variations caused by ecological factors, genetic drift, gene flow, hybridization, and epigenetic mechanisms in plants. However, molecular studies show that there are still taxonomic problems and some species are not grouped together with other species belonging to the same section [8].…”

Identification of an AFLP marker linked with yellow rust resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

“…The development and use of molecular marker technologies has also facilitated the subsequent cloning and characterization of disease-, insect-, and pestresistance genes from a variety of plant species including wheat (Hammond-Kosack and Jones, 1997;Meyers et al, 1999). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays for plant DNA fingerprinting (Ateş Sönmezoğlu et al, 2012;Göçmen Taşkın et al, 2012;Surgun et al, 2012;György et al, 2013;Uslu et al, 2013), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), has been developed, which reveals significant levels of DNA polymorphism (Vos et al, 1995). The combination of bulk segregant analysis (Michelmore et al, 1991) and high polymorphic PCR-based markers permit the identification and mapping of useful molecular markers for breeding programs.…”

“…Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays for plant DNA fingerprinting (Ateş Sönmezoğlu et al, 2012;Göçmen Taşkın et al, 2012;Surgun et al, 2012;György et al, 2013;Uslu et al, 2013), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), has been developed, which reveals significant levels of DNA polymorphism . The combination of bulk segregant analysis (Michelmore et al, 1991) and high polymorphic PCR-based markers permit the identification and mapping of useful molecular markers for breeding programs.…”