We investigated the phylogenetic relationships in Tulipa in Turkey using DNA sequences from the plastid trnL‐trnF region and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA. We generated trnL‐trnF and nuclear ITS sequences for 11 Tulipa spp. from Turkey and compared the utility of trnL‐trnF and ITS sequences for phylogenetic analysis. Neighbor‐joining, Bayesian and maximum parsimony methods were implemented using the same matrices. Our study of Tulipa based on molecular data revealed congruent results with previous studies. Despite the relatively lower resolution of trnL‐trnF than that of ITS, both sequence matrices generated similar results. Three clades were clearly distinguished, corresponding to subgenera Tulipa, Eriostemones and Orithyia. It is not fully resolved whether Clusianae should be recognized as a separate section of subgenus Tulipa or a distinct subgenus. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 172, 270–279.

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Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) gene pool was analyzed with 117 microsatellite markers scattered throughout A, B, and D genomes. Ninety microsatellite markers were giving 1620 polymorphic alleles in 55 different bread wheat genotypes. These genotypes were found to be divided into three subgroups based on Bayesian model and Principal component analysis. The highest polymorphism information content value for the markers resides on A genome was estimated for wmc262 marker located on 4A chromosome with the polymorphism information content value of 0.960. The highest polymorphism information content value (0.954) among the markers known to be located on B genome was realized for wmc44 marker located on 1B chromosome. The highest polymorphism information content value for the markers specific to D genome was found in gwm174 marker located on 5D chromosome with the polymorphism information content value of 0.948. The presence of linkage disequilibrium between 81 pairwise SSR markers reside on the same chromosome was tested and very limited linkage disequilibrium was observed. The results confirmed that the most distant genotype pairs were as follows Ceyhan-99-Behoth 6, Gerek 79-Douma 40989, and Karahan-99-Douma 48114.

IntroductionMastic trees are commonly known as evergreen pistachio or lentisk. In Turkey lentisk shares its habitat with Pistacia terebinthus L., olives, carob, and others, but it prefers welldrained to dry sandy or stony alkaline soil conditions (Ak and Parlakcı, 2009). Mastic trees show a peculiar adaptability to several climatic conditions (Zohary, 1952) and have positive biological characteristics, such as drought tolerance (Correia and Catarino, 1994) and protection of soil against erosion (Mulas and Deidda, 1998). However, the area that is suitable for mastic tree cultivation is limited in the world. Today a major limitation facing the widespread expansion of commercial mastic tree plantations is the shortage of superior plants, primarily because of the difficulties experienced in propagating this species using the traditional method of rooting the cuttings. Currently mastic trees are proliferated by seed, with the rational development of hereditary instability and great discrepancy in the formation degree among genotypes because of obstacles such as parthenocarpy and ovary aborticide (Grundwag, 1976). Vegetative propagation by cutting is also difficult due to impoverished or adventitious roots. Conventional propagation methods to improve Pistacia species such as P. lentiscus L. are limited because species belonging to the genus Pistacia have a long stage of juvenility. In addition, plants originating from seeds often do not maintain the genetic purity of the parent plants due to segregation and recombination of genetic characteristics during sexual reproduction. Thus, to improve trade, a vegetative propagation technique must be developed for large-scale propagation. Possible ways to move forward are necessary in order to avoid problems in vegetative propagation and to produce clonal stocks. Micropropagation of lentisk genotypes has been achievedAbstract: An in vitro propagation method was established for both male and female genotypes of lentisk using actively growing shoot tips derived from forcefully lignified shoots. The effects of growth regulators on in vitro morphogenesis were investigated. Since rooting of the regenerated shoots for both genotypes was not achieved, an in vitro micrografting method was developed for the production of plantlets. Moreover, genetic stability of 3-, 6-, and 24-times subcultured clones of both genotypes was assessed and compared with the mother plants using fluorescent-based amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. The set of main plants and the different subcultured clones were divided into two clusters. In the first cluster, the original male and female plants were grouped together with the 3-times subcultured female and the 6-times subcultured male and female groups, whereas the second cluster contained the 24-times subcultured clones and the 3-times subcultured male group. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of successfully inducing plantlets from mature lentisk genotypes and the first analysis of clonal fidelity of regenerated mature...

ABSTRACT. The study of phylogenetic relationships between 14Colchicum taxa spread throughout Turkey was performed using a fluorescent-based amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique. Five primer pair combinations were used in AFLP reactions. The data set was analyzed statistically using the NTSYS 2.1 software, and the neighbor-joining and maximum parsimony methods were implemented to generate phylogenetic trees. These analyses clustered the samples into 3 main clades. Both the neighbor-joining and maximum parsimony analyses resulted in similar topologies. Furthermore, supporting the phylogenetic trees, a similar grouping of 14 taxa was generated by principal component analysis. The AFLP analysis with 5 primer combinations was carried out to assess 14 taxa. Fragment sizes ranged from 54 to 462 bp in length for each primer combination. The average was 166 fragments per primer pair, 1481©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 13 (1): 1480-1490 (2014) Phylogenetic relationships between Colchicum species primer B2 generated the highest number of bands (200), and primer B3 produced the lowest number of bands (112). A total of 834 polymorphic bands were scored. The cophenetic correlation coefficient between the data matrix and the cophenetic matrix for AFLP data was 0.72. Based on this molecular data, we concluded that the genetic diversity among these Turkish accessions is relatively high.

Molybdenum cofactor sulfurases (MCSUs) are important enzymes for plant development and response to environmental queues, including processes such as nitrogen metabolism and regulation of the abscisic acid levels in plant tissues. We cloned and sequenced MCSU gene from barley and performed in silico comparison with rice, tomato, and Arabidopsis. Physico-chemical properties and subcellular predictions were found to be similar in different plant species. All MCSUs had three critical domains: aminotransferase class-V (Pfam: PF00266), MOSC N-terminal beta barrel (Pfam: PF03476), and MOSC (Pfam: PF03473). Secondary structure analysis revealed that random coils were the most abundant, followed by α-helices and extended strands. Predicted binding sites of MCSUs were different in barley and Arabidopsis, whereas rice and tomato showed the same pattern. A conserved triple-cysteine motif was detected in all MCSUs with cys438-cys440-cys445, cys431-cys433-cys438, cys428-cys430-cys435, and cys425-cys427-cys432 in barley, rice, Arabidopsis, and tomato, respectively. Furthermore, a 3D structure analysis indicated that structural divergences were present in all MCSUs, even in the core domain structure. Phylogenetic analysis of MCSUs revealed that monocot-dicot divergence was clearly observed with high bootstrap values. The results of this study will contribute to the understanding of MCSU genes and proteins in plants. The data of this study will also constitute a scientific basis for wet-lab and in silico studies of MCSUs.

An important application of molecular markers in plant systems involves improvement in the efficiency of conventional plant breeding by carrying out indirect selection through molecular markers linked to the traits of interest. AFLP analysis was used to identify molecular markers associated with yellow rust resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in this study. DNA isolated from the selected yellow rust tolerant and susceptible F 2 individuals derived from a cross between Izgi2001 (resistant) and ES14 (susceptible) at seedling and adult stage was used for bulked segregant analysis combined with AFLP. From the screening of 34 PstI/MseI AFLP primer combinations, the AFLP marker P-GAC/M-ACG (133 bp) was identified and presented in the resistant parent and resistant F 2 individuals but not in the susceptible ones. Future research will obtain more adjacent sequences associated with the polymorphic M-ACG/P-GAC 133bp marker by the PCR walking method to design SCAR markers for wheat breeding programs.

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