Assessment of charging technologies, infrastructure and charging station recommendation schemes of electric vehicles: A review

Fernández, Santiago; Ali, Jagabar Sathik Mohamed; Raman, L. Anantha; El-Shahat, Adel; Hasanien, Hany M.; Almakhles, Dhafer; Aleem, Shady H. E. Abdel; Omar, Ahmed I.

doi:10.1016/j.asej.2022.101938

Cited by 58 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…The battery of an EV is charged from the grid using a specific power level and the protocol that facilitates the communication of the energy operator (Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment, EVSE) and the Electric vehicle. The charging time depends on the charging level, the design capability of the battery pack to accommodate a higher charging rate, the charger cable rating, and the charging infrastructure (EVSE) used [51].…”

Section: Electric Vehicle Charging Methods and Relevant Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of electric vehicle technology: Architectures, battery technology and its management system, relevant standards, application of artificial intelligence, cyber security, and interoperability challenges

Macharia,

Garg,

Kumar

2023

IET Electrical Syst in Trans

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Currently, there is an increased global climate change awareness, and the world is tending towards net zero emissions. The transportation sector is leading in Green House Gas emissions (GHG). Furthermore, the diminishing reserves of fossil fuels, the need for cheaper maintenance vehicles, more efficient drive trains, and better performance vehicles presents a challenge in ICE. Electric Vehicles (EVs) offer the perfect mobility solution which can replace the conventional ICE in the near future. This article comprehensively reviews the components and advances in the various technologies employed in electric vehicles to achieve efficiency in motion and optimise energy management in electric vehicles. This article gives an analysis of the current EV scenario globally. It then details the different configurations of electric vehicle architectures available. The battery is discussed, and the various electrochemical technologies are analysed. Battery Management Systems (BMS) to efficiently manage energy are discussed. The charging methods, voltage levels, and relevant standards are outlined in detail. The traction motors and power conversion technologies are reported with advancements in electric vehicle applications. Furthermore, this article gives a comprehensive overview of various emerging technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI) & Machine Learning (ML), to improve EVs' performance through digitalisation. On the other hand, cybersecurity has become an ever‐challenging issue in EVs due to the increasing use of digital technologies. This article thoroughly overviews cybersecurity challenges in EV applications and explains possible proactive measures. Interoperability arising from various EV manufacturers' many different charging designs is discussed.

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Section: Electric Vehicle Charging Methods and Relevant Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The data processing system is the interface between input parameters and the desired control action on the battery pack. In this block, the status of the battery parameters, such as SoC, F I G U R E 1 2 Architecture of the battery management system (BMS) [51,52].…”

Section: Data Processing Modulementioning

confidence: 99%

A review of electric vehicle technology: Architectures, battery technology and its management system, relevant standards, application of artificial intelligence, cyber security, and interoperability challenges

Macharia,

Garg,

Kumar

2023

IET Electrical Syst in Trans

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“…Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) is a well-known application for EVs, representing power delivery to the electrical grid. H. Nguyen et al performed an in-depth analysis of V2G technology's integration and coordination with conductive charging methods [190][191][192][193][194][195][196]. Flexibility, automated charging, and bidirectional discharging are necessary components for a V2G integration.…”

Section: Ev-based Vehicle-to-grid (V2g)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Barriers of Wireless Charging Technologies for Electric Vehicles

et al. 2023

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Electric vehicles could be a significant aid in lowering greenhouse gas emissions. Even though extensive study has been done on the features and traits of electric vehicles and the nature of their charging infrastructure, network modeling for electric vehicle manufacturing has been limited and unchanging. The necessity of wireless electric vehicle charging, based on magnetic resonance coupling, drove the primary aims for this review work. Herein, we examined the basic theoretical framework for wireless power transmission systems for EV charging and performed a software-in-the-loop analysis, in addition to carrying out a performance analysis of an EV charging system based on magnetic resonance. This study also covered power pad designs and created workable remedies for the following issues: (i) how power pad positioning affected the function of wireless charging systems and (ii) how to develop strategies to keep power efficiency at its highest level. Moreover, safety features of wireless charging systems, owing to interruption from foreign objects and/or living objects, were analyzed, and solutions were proposed to ensure such systems would operate as safely and optimally as possible.

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“…Offering charging stations with various charging speeds (e.g., level 1, level 2, and DC fast charging) to cater to different EV models and user preferences, ensuring compatibility and interoperability between charging connectors and vehicle charging systems, is crucial for user convenience. The different types of charging available to EVs have been well documented in [62]. Level 1 charging refers to using a standard household outlet (120 volts AC) to charge an EV.…”

Section: Technical Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the deployment of fast-charging stations can mitigate this issue. Though DC fast charging has numerous advantages such as a high-power output, the chargers are quite bulky [62]. The authors in [63,64] have documented the different drawbacks of such charging infrastructure.…”

Section: Technical Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Risks and Challenges of Electric Vehicle Integration into Smart Cities

Apata

Bokoro

2023

Energies

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The integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into smart cities presents a promising opportunity for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing urban sustainability. However, there are significant risks and challenges associated with the integration of EVs into smart cities, which must be carefully considered. Though there are various reviews available on the challenges of integrating EVs into smart cities, the majority of these are focused on technical challenges, thereby ignoring other important challenges that may arise from such integration. This paper therefore provides a comprehensive overview of the risks and challenges associated with the integration of EVs into smart cities in one research paper. The different challenges associated with the integration of EVs into smart cities have been identified and categorized into four groups, namely: technical, economic, social, and environmental, while also discussing the associated risks of EV integration into smart cities. The paper concludes by highlighting the need for a holistic approach to EV integration into smart cities that considers these challenges and risks. It also identifies possible future trends and outlooks to address these challenges and promote the successful integration of EVs into smart cities. Overall, this paper provides valuable insights for policymakers, city planners, and researchers working towards sustainable urban transportation systems.

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Assessment of charging technologies, infrastructure and charging station recommendation schemes of electric vehicles: A review

Cited by 58 publications

References 104 publications

A review of electric vehicle technology: Architectures, battery technology and its management system, relevant standards, application of artificial intelligence, cyber security, and interoperability challenges

A review of electric vehicle technology: Architectures, battery technology and its management system, relevant standards, application of artificial intelligence, cyber security, and interoperability challenges

Challenges and Barriers of Wireless Charging Technologies for Electric Vehicles

The Risks and Challenges of Electric Vehicle Integration into Smart Cities

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