“…Exposure of humans to these heavy metals and the ionizing radiation emanating from the radionuclides and their progenies is a leading source of cancer and other health challenges from radiation, harmful to vital organs of the human body that can lead to death in some cases (Orosun, 2020c; United State Environmental Protection Agency "EPA", 2018; USEPA, 1997;Orosun, 2018Orosun, , 2020bOrosun, -e, 2021Orosun et al, 2021b). However, tiles used for building purposes, the inhabitants are exposed to these dangerous radiations and heavy metals continuously over the lifetime of occupying such buildings.…”