Radiological impact assessment of different building material additives

Kocsis, Erika; Tóth-Bodrogi, Edit; Peka, Anita; Adelikhah, Mohammademad; Kovács, Tibor

doi:10.1007/s10967-021-07897-4

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…For safety determination of construction materials, hazard indexes should be used only as a screening tool for identifying materials that might be of concern. A typical way of using a certain type of material from the aspect of radiological safety is related to dose assessment [ 62 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Usage of Hybrid Polymers Binders Based on Fly Ash with the Addition of PVA with Satisfying Mechanical and Radiological Properties

Mirković

Kljajević

Dolenec

et al. 2021

Gels

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Since recycled technologies usage is mandatory for environmental safety, and in this regard, it is important to examine new materials that can be used in construction and are primarily produced from fly ash. In addition to characteristics such as hardness and compressive strength, the given materials must also be radiologically and environmentally safe. The main concept of engineered geopolymer gel composites based on fly ash residues is focused on developing binder materials via gel formation processes that can replace ordinary cement materials. This study is unique in researching the potential use of fly ash from the Nikola Tesla thermal power plant in Serbia, where the hybrid geopolymeric materials synthesized from fly ash are experimentally examined with the addition 1 wt% and 2 wt% of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). This paper aims to investigate the structural, morphological, mechanical, and radiological properties of hybrid materials with the addition of PVA and without additive in the period of ageing for 28 days at room temperature. The phase composition was investigated using X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analysis, while morphological characteristics of these materials were examined using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDS). Vibrational spectra of obtained samples are investigated using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques. The hardness and compressive strength are also examined, indicating that the 1 wt% addition in geopolymeric matrix results in the best mechanical properties. Radiological measurements of investigated all geopolymer samples show decreasing activity concentrations of radionuclides for 50% compared to fly ash.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Usage of Hybrid Polymers Binders Based on Fly Ash with the Addition of PVA with Satisfying Mechanical and Radiological Properties

Mirković

Kljajević

Dolenec

et al. 2021

Gels

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“… Another major input parameter is surface radon exhalation rates. Average surface radon exhalation rates for cement samples were measured to be 3.1 ± 0.1 (Bq m −2 h −1 ) according to a closed accumulation chamber technique using a professional AlphaGUARD PQ2000 PRO, which has been outlined in detail by Kocsis et al 17 . Furthermore, Porestendorfer has summed up the others surveys and reported the typical range of surface radon exhalation rates for building materials used in different countries which fall within the range of 0.36–10.8 Bq m −2 h −1 20 .…”

Section: Models and Computational Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By taking into consideration the aforementioned criteria, a different range of ventilation rates from 0.3 to 4.3 h −1 (also reported by Zhou et al 8 and Agarwal et al 14 ) was considered and assessed in the current study. The radon source term as a key input parameter in the CFD software (ANSYS Fluent 2020 R1 based on the FVM) has also been measured by an accumulation chamber technique for samples of cement (comprehensively described in Kocsis et al 17 and Shahrokhi et al 18 ) before the simulations took into account the room geometry. To validate the simulation results, two pairs of common radon monitoring methods, namely NRPB and Raduet (as passive methods based on CR-39) as well as AlphaGUARD and RAD7 (as active methods), were also used to measure the indoor radon concentration under the aforementioned scenarios at various locations throughout the room.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements and computational fluid dynamics investigation of the indoor radon distribution in a typical naturally ventilated room

Adelikhah

Imani

Kovács

2023

Sci Rep

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Based on the European Union Basic Safety Standards to protect people against exposure to ionizing radiation, establishing and addressing the reference levels for indoor radon concentrations is necessary. Therefore, the indoor radon concentration should be monitored and control in dwelling and workplaces. However, proper ventilation and sustainability are the major factors that influence how healthy the environment in a building is for its occupants. In this paper, the indoor radon distribution in a typical naturally ventilated room under two scenarios (when the door is closed and open) using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique was studied. The CFD code ANSYS Fluent 2020 R1 based on the finite volume method was employed before the simulation results were compared with analytical calculations as well as passive and active measurements. The average radon concentration from the CFD simulation was found to be between 70.21 and 66.25 Bq m−3 under closed and open-door conditions, respectively, at the desired ventilation rate of 1 ACH (Air Changes per Hour). Moreover, the highest concentrations of radon were measured close to the floor and the lowest values were recorded near to the inlet, resulting in the airflow velocity profile. The simulation results were in good agreement with the maxima of 19% and 7% compared to analytical calculations at different indoor air velocities in the open- and closed-door scenarios, respectively. The measured radon concentrations obtained by the active measurements also fitted well with the CFD results, for example, with a relative standard deviation of around 7% and 2% when measured by AlphaGUARD and RAD7 monitors at a height of 1.0 m above the ground in the open-door scenario. From the simulation results, the effective dose received by an individual from the indoor air of the workplace was also calculated.

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“…These minerals are rich in appreciable concentrations of economic minerals along with some radioactive elements in concentrations higher than the ordinary global level, nevertheless, they do not necessarily have the same radiological indices or even exceed the permissible radiation limits (El-Kammar et al 2011; Abdel-Karim et al 2016). The inhalation of these minerals during their processing is one of the main threats, which depends mainly on the particle size and requires proper ventilation (Adelikhah et al 2020; Dodge-Wan and Viswanathan 2021; Kocsis et al 2021). In addition, radon-contained minerals in particular seriously affect the respiratory system and resulted in severe health problems (Khan et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk assessment of radioactive hazards associated with black sand upgrading processes

Mohamed

Hassan

Ismail

et al. 2023

Applied Earth Science: Transactions of the Institutions of Mini

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Black sands represent a good source of economic minerals with various industrial applications. However, their radioactive properties may prevent their use in specific applications. In this study, zircon, ilmenite, magnetite, and rutile are four minerals represent more than 75% of the black sand content, were selected to evaluate their Intrinsic radiological properties. The chemical composition of these minerals was determined along with their density and particle size. Then, the activity concentrations of the naturally occurring radioactive nuclides were experimentally determined and the most important radiological hazard indices were calculated. The results indicated that the upgrading process concentrates the natural radioisotopes in some minerals like the zircon and rutile leaving the magnetite and ilmenite with lower content than permissible limits. Moreover, the risk analysis identified the dangerous conditions and situations and suggest possible solutions to reduce these hazardous situations to a minimum and to keep a safe environment for the workers.

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Radiological impact assessment of different building material additives

Cited by 16 publications

References 30 publications

Potential Usage of Hybrid Polymers Binders Based on Fly Ash with the Addition of PVA with Satisfying Mechanical and Radiological Properties

Potential Usage of Hybrid Polymers Binders Based on Fly Ash with the Addition of PVA with Satisfying Mechanical and Radiological Properties

Measurements and computational fluid dynamics investigation of the indoor radon distribution in a typical naturally ventilated room

Risk assessment of radioactive hazards associated with black sand upgrading processes

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