Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) are disorders commonly diagnosed in individuals still in childhood.Objective: To identify possible factors that may hinder the differential diagnosis of ASD and ODD.Methodology: An integrative literature review was conducted, which selected articles in the VHL, CAPES and PEPSIC databases between September and October 2021. For this, the keywords Autism Spectrum Disorder, autism, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, diagnosis, comorbidities, disruptive behaviors and diagnostic difficulties were used.Results: Eight articles were selected for data extraction. The correct diagnosis of ASD and ODD can be challenging due to the overlap of symptoms with other disorders and comorbidities, as well as the diversity present in the autistic spectrum and the variety of manifestations of disruptive disorders. In addition, most studies highlight the impairments in the area of communication, the impairment in the social area and the degrees of severity, as being similar characteristics between the two disorders, which may be possible factors that may hinder the diagnosis of ASD and TODO, in a differential or concomitant way.
Conclusions:The number of studies related to the disorders mentioned above is lower than what is necessary for better knowledge on the subject. With regard to the research of scientific materials, difficulties were found to obtain studies that were in accordance with our research. Thus, more research is needed to investigate and understand why there is a shortage of material that studies ASD and ODD concomitantly.