Assessing the Situation Awareness of Pilots Engaged in Self Spacing

Strybel, Thomas Z.; Vu, Kim‐Phuong L.; Kraft, Jerome; Minakata, Katsumi

doi:10.1177/154193120805200104

Cited by 23 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Therefore it is difficult to determine the performance of the pilot on the task. Strybel et al [19] did show a relationship between probe performance and spacing accuracy, but pilots managed speed manually without any spacing tool. Therefore, although there is some suggestion that the percentage of time the tool is engaged is related to pilot awareness, the results are not straightforward.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Strybel et al [19] compared probe queries presented during scenario freezes to the same probe queries presented while the scenario was active in a human-in-the-loop simulation of pilots flying approaches into Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW) airport. Both online and offline queries were categorized in terms of level of processing (recall, comprehension, subjective assessment) and time frame (past, present or future events).…”

Section: Measuring Situation Awarenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In two airside studies of situation awareness, response latencies to online probes based on subjective assessments of threat of encroachment were good predictors of a subjective measure of situation awareness known as Situation Awareness Rating Technique (SART) and performance measures [18,19]. Strybel et al [19] compared probe queries presented during scenario freezes to the same probe queries presented while the scenario was active in a human-in-the-loop simulation of pilots flying approaches into Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW) airport.…”

Section: Measuring Situation Awarenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Diagnosticity of an online query technique for measuring pilot situation awareness in nextgen

Strybel

Bacon

et al. 2010

29th Digital Avionics Systems Conference

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An online probe technique for measuring situation awareness and workload was evaluated for its ability to detect changes in awareness and workload caused by changes in roles and responsibilities for traffic separation. Three plausible NextGen concepts of operation were evaluated: Pilot primary (pilots responsible for traffic separation), ATC primary (ATC responsible for most traffic separation) and Automation Primary (automated conflict detection and resolution agent responsible for most traffic separation). Pilots were queried about task relevant information throughout a ninety-minute scenario. Queries were categorized into conflict, command and communications, and status information. Situation awareness was measured in terms of response latency and accuracy to the queries. Response latency to conflict queries changed with concept of operation, suggesting that online queries for specific task-relevant information can determine changes in situation awareness for task-specific information.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Measuring Situation Awarenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measuring Situation Awarenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnosticity of an online query technique for measuring pilot situation awareness in nextgen

Strybel

Bacon

et al. 2010

29th Digital Avionics Systems Conference

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“…We used online probes to capture operator situation awareness and workload. Online probe latency has been shown to be more predictive of performance than offline probes [8] and related to performance metrics assumed to be related to situation awareness [9][10][11]. Moreover, past simulations we conducted show that the online probes can discriminate between levels of awareness with different degrees of automation and training [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Pilot and controller workload and situation awareness with three traffic management concepts

Strybel

Kraut

et al. 2010

29th Digital Avionics Systems Conference

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This paper reports on workload and situation awareness of pilots and controllers participating in a human-in-the-loop simulation using three different distributed air-ground traffic management concepts. Eight experimental pilots started the scenario in the en-route phase of flight and were asked to avoid convective weather while performing spacing and merging tasks along with a continuous descent approach (CDA) into Louisville Standiford Airport (SDF). Two controllers managed the sectors through which the pilots flew, with one managing a sector that included the Top of Descent, and the other managing a sector that included the merge point for arrival into SDF. At 3-minute intervals in the scenario, pilots and controllers were probed on their workload or situation awareness. We employed one of three concepts of operation that distributed separation responsibility across human controllers, pilots, and automation to measure changes in operator workload and situation awareness. We found that when pilots were responsible for separation, they had higher levels of awareness, but not necessarily higher levels of workload. When controllers are responsible and actively engaged, they showed higher workload levels compared to pilots and changes in level awareness that were dependent on sector characteristics.

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“…Various measurement approaches have been used to assess SA (Salmon, Stanton, Walker, & Green, 2006), and SA has been found to predict performance and decision making (Endsley, 2019;Strybel, Vu, Kraft, & Minakata, 2008). The concept of SA has been subject to debate (Dekker, Hummerdal, & Smith, 2010), and Dekker and Hollnagel (2004) suggested a shift from the focus on cognition to a focus on the products of cognition.…”

Section: : Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Survey Measures Predict Subsequent Key Performance Indicators of Maritime Safety? Confirmatory and Exploratory Analyses of the Association between Self - report and Objective Indices

Lr¹,

Sætrevik²

2020

Preprint

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We need reliable knowledge about what causes and prevents accidents in order to manage safety. Such associations are often investigated with self-report measures of psychological factors. However, few studies in the maritime industry have investigated the extent to which self-report measures predict objectively registered accidents. The current pre-registered study used structural equation modelling to test whether self-reported individual safety-related factors predicted objective safety outcomes in the following year. The study was conducted among crew on chemical tanker vessels operating in Arctic and Baltic waters. The pre-registered model and the expected associations between self-reported safety factors and safety outcomes were not supported. However, an exploratory model based on the pre-registered hypotheses supported an association between self-reported safe behaviour and the overall number of safety outcomes. While much safety research builds on the assumption that self-reported behaviour, attitude or cognitions are causally related to actual accidents, the current study shows that such a relationship can be difficult to confirm. We recommend more caution in assuming a causal relationship between self-reported psychological factors and safety outcomes until a causal relationship can be established.

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Assessing the Situation Awareness of Pilots Engaged in Self Spacing

Cited by 23 publications

References 8 publications

Diagnosticity of an online query technique for measuring pilot situation awareness in nextgen

Diagnosticity of an online query technique for measuring pilot situation awareness in nextgen

Pilot and controller workload and situation awareness with three traffic management concepts

Can Survey Measures Predict Subsequent Key Performance Indicators of Maritime Safety? Confirmatory and Exploratory Analyses of the Association between Self - report and Objective Indices

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