Pictorial stimuli were presented in a Stroop task paradigm that enabled the recording of attentional bias. The sample comprised 33 pathological slot machine gamblers (PG) and 22 control participants. The design of the study had one between-subjects factor -Group (PGs vs control), and two within-subject factors: (1) Stimulus meaning (win-related gambling stimuli vs neutral stimuli) and (2) Exposure (subliminal vs supraliminal). The results supported the notion that the PG group had an attentional bias towards visual win-related gambling stimuli compared with the control group. Furthermore, the degree of attentional bias among the PG group was moderately negatively correlated with net loss in the week before testing. One possible treatment implication of the findings is to include in-vivo exposure sessions as a supplement to cognitive behavioural therapy for gambling. Future studies could also include non-win gambling-related stimuli and should also comprise non-pathological regular gamblers as an additional control group.

Situation awareness (SA) is often argued to be a "sharp end" indicator of workplace safety, in the sense that inaccurate SA may be the proximal cause for operator error. However, traditional field or lab experiment measures of SA are difficult to combine with large-scale data collections to examine organizational influences on SA and the safety outcomes of SA. In the current study, offshore attendant vessel crew's SA was measured with a self-report scale. Authentic leadership was modelled as a predictor, while self-report of committing unsafe actions at work and subjective risk assessment were modelled as outcome measures. Structural equation modelling showed the captain's leadership style to account for variation in SA and some variation in unsafe actions. Further, SA accounted for variation in unsafe actions and in subjective risk assessment. The study supports the assumption that SA has a crucial role in maritime safety.

The aim of this paper is to present a methodology where the extent of information sharing among team members is used as an indicator of shared mental models (SMM) and situation awareness (SA). Data collection procedures and probe materials are described for two field experiments performed among emergency management teams in the hydrocarbon industry. Methods are suggested for calculating a “similarity index” by comparing a team member’s responses with the average response in the team or with the responses of the team member assumed to be best informed. It is argued that similarity to team average could be a measure of SMM, whereas similarity to the best-informed team member could be argued to be an indicator of SA. The degree of compliance in responding to the probes is reported, as is the degree to which the extent of shared information differed between the probe questions or according to team positions. Lessons learned from the data collection are summarized, and the applicability of the similarity index as a measure of SA is discussed. Some advantages of the current approach are presented, as are challenges and inherent assumptions in future applications of this approach.

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